substances crossing the cell membrane without any input of energy by the cell

simplest type of passive transport is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

concentration gradient

the difference in the concentration of molecules across a distance

the concentration of molecules will be the same throughout the space the molecules occupy

the process by which water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

when the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is lower than the concentration in the cytosol. Water diffuses into the cell until equilibrium is established

when the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is higher than the concentration in the cytosol. Water diffuses out of the cell until equilibrium is established.

when the concentrations of solutes outside and inside the cell are equal. water diffuses into and out of the cell at equal rater, so there is no net movement of water.

organelles that remove water. Ex: paramecia collect the excess water and then contract, pumping the water out of the cell.

the pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall

In a hypertonic environment, water leave the cells through osmosis. The cells shrink away from the cell walls, and turgor pressure is lost.

facilitated diffusion

another type of passive transport this process is used for molecules that cannot readily diffuse through cell membranes, even when there is a concentration gradient across the membrane.

a protein that transports ubstances across a cell membrane

in many cases, cells must move materials from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, or "uo" their concentration gradient. Requires a cell to expend energy.

sodium-potassium pump

a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell

is the process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles, including other cells.

a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell

involves the transport of solutes or fluids

is the movemnet of large particles or whole cells

cells that ingest and destroy foreign matter or microorganisms

is the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out of the cel.

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Chapter 5

Homeostasis and Cell Transport

Question	Answer
Passive Transport	substances crossing the cell membrane without any input of energy by the cell
diffusion	simplest type of passive transport is the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
concentration gradient	the difference in the concentration of molecules across a distance
equilibrium	the concentration of molecules will be the same throughout the space the molecules occupy
osmosis	the process by which water molecules diffuse across a cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration
hypotonic	when the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is lower than the concentration in the cytosol. Water diffuses into the cell until equilibrium is established
Hypertonic	when the concentration of solute molecules outside the cell is higher than the concentration in the cytosol. Water diffuses out of the cell until equilibrium is established.
isotonic	when the concentrations of solutes outside and inside the cell are equal. water diffuses into and out of the cell at equal rater, so there is no net movement of water.
contractile vacuoles	organelles that remove water. Ex: paramecia collect the excess water and then contract, pumping the water out of the cell.
turgor pressure	the pressure that water molecules exert against the cell wall
plasmolysis	In a hypertonic environment, water leave the cells through osmosis. The cells shrink away from the cell walls, and turgor pressure is lost.
facilitated diffusion	another type of passive transport this process is used for molecules that cannot readily diffuse through cell membranes, even when there is a concentration gradient across the membrane.
carrier proteins	a protein that transports ubstances across a cell membrane
ion channels	membrane proteins
active transport	in many cases, cells must move materials from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration, or "uo" their concentration gradient. Requires a cell to expend energy.
sodium-potassium pump	a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell
endocytosis	is the process by which cells ingest external fluid, macromolecules, and large particles, including other cells.
vesicle	a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell
pinocytosis	involves the transport of solutes or fluids
phagocytosis	is the movemnet of large particles or whole cells
phagocytes	cells that ingest and destroy foreign matter or microorganisms
exocytosis	is the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out of the cel.

Created by: ebelingj14

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