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Biology

biology exam 1

QuestionAnswer
one organism reproduces asexual reproduction
two organisms reproduce sexual reproduction
makes its own food for energy autotroph
eats other organisms for energy heterotroph
study of life biology
study of organisms and tehir environment, and how they interact with it ecology
organism with one cell unicellular organism
organism with multiple cells multicellular organism
theory of how something changes, or evolves, over tiem evolution
organisms with the best traits are more likely to survive and reproduce natural selection
taking a small pice of something to test or look at it sampling
reacreating somethign to show other people modeling
variable that changes between two test groups independent variable
variable that depends on the independent variable, often is the reults dependent variable
making something look bigger to be able to see it magnification
how well something is able to be seen without blur resolution
anything that has mass and takes up space matter
quantity of matter something has mass
smallest unit of matter atom
simplest unit of matter element
bonds between atoms that share electron pairs covalent bond
form when electrons are lost or gained ionic bond
in a cell, absorbs energy endergonic reaction
in a cell, releases energy exergonic reaction
reaction that loses electrons oxidation reaction
reaction that gains electrons reduction reaction
substance that is being dissolved solute
what the solute dissolves in solvent
higher concentration of hydronium than hydroxide ions acid 0-6 on pH scale
higher concentration of hydroxide ions than hydronium ions base 8-14 on the pH scale
energy in a system available to do work free energy
energy needed to start a reaction activation energy
water fearing hydrophobic
water loving hydrophilic
attraction between unlike substances adhesion
attraction between like substances cohesion
fatty acid
amino acid
monomer of a carbohydrate monosaccharide
two monosaccharides bonded together disaccharide
trygliceride
made of two fatty acids and a glycerol molecule phospholipid
three or more amino acids bonded together polypeptide
covalent bond formed between amino acids peptide bond
two monomers bonded together polymer
a large polymer macromolecule
a cluster of atoms that influence the properties of a molecule functional group
alchohol
early cell, have membrane, no nucleus or organelles prokaryote
true cell, have a nucleus and organelles eukaryote
acts as a barrier around the cell, sontrols substances entering or leaving the cell cell membrane
outside part of a plants cell that protects it, made of cellulose cell wall
loosely coiled dna chromatin
chromosome
on the interior surface and the exterior surface of the cell membrane peripheral proteins
imbedded in the bilayer, often have cabohydrates attached to them integral proteins
clear, jelly like fluid cytoplasm
gives a cell its structure cytoskeleton
suspended in cytoplasm, between the nucleus and cell membrane organelles
organ
"power house" of a cell, where all the energy is made mitochondria
takes in energy from the sun and makes sugars for energy chloroplast
breaks down viruses, bacteria, old organelles, and foreign particles lysosome
breaks down drugs and alcohol peroxisome
when the concentration outside of the cell is lower than the concentration inside hypotonic
when the concentration outside of the cell is higher than the concentration inside hyprtonic
when cells move up the concentration gradient, requires a cell to expend energy active transport
uses no energy to move molecules across space passive transport
when a cell shrinks away from the cell wall plasmolysis
when a cell bursts cytolysis
movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration diffusion
diffusion of water osmosis
carrier protein
allows ions to pass through a cell membrane ion channel
tansport of solutes or fluids pinocytosis
movement of large particles or whole cells phagocytosis
concentration gradient
when the gradient of molecules is equal throughout space quilibrium
absorbs light, and emits color pigment
accesory pigment
comes from the breakdown of atp adenosine diphosphate
uses the movement of electrons to pump protons through the membrane atp synthase
green pigment in plants that help in photosynthesis chlorophyll
orange pigment, used as an accesory pigment carotenoid
thylakoid
stack of thylakoids granum
portions of light perceived by the human eye as various colors visible spectrum
distance between the crest of two waves wavelength
initial reactions in photosynthesis, NOT FINISHED!!!!!!!!!!!! light reactions
uses rubp and co2 to create pga, which uses atp and nadph to produce pgal, and regenerate rubp calvin cycle
c4 pathway
cam pathway
liquid around thylakoids stroma
opens to let excess water out of a plant stoma
process by which pyruci acid is converted to ethyl alcohol, anaerobic action of yeast on sugars alcoholic fermentation
operate in the absence of oxygen anaerobic pathway
cellular respiration
process in which cells make a limited amount of atp by convertin glucose into another organic coumpound such as lactic acid or ethyl alcohol, in the absence if oxygen fermentation
glycolysis
unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories kilocalorie
process by which pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid lactic acid fermentation
an organic molecule that accepts electrons during redox reactions nad+
pyruvic acid
a three carbon molecule that is the end product of glycolysis acetyl coenzyme a
process by which cells make atp by breaking down organic compunds with oxygen as the final electron acceptor molecule aerobic respiration
citric acid
molecules in the inner mitochondrial membrane that uses some of the energy in electrons to pump protons across the membrane electron transport chain
like nad+, a compund that accepts electrons during redox reactions fad
a series of biochemical reactions that release carbon dioxide and result in the formation of atp krebs cycle
the space inside the inner membrane of the mitochondrion mitochondrial matrix
oxaloacetic acid
Created by: marisssa
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