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Microbio Vocab 3-2
Second set of vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Amphitrichous bacterium | A bacterium that possesses one or more flagellum at each end of the cell |
| Autolysis | autodigestion; self-digestion |
| Axial filaments | flagella-like fibrils that extend toward each other and allow spirochetes to move in a spiral, helical, or inchworm manner |
| Binary fission | method of reproduction where one cell divides to become two cells; the method by which bacteria reproduces |
| Capsule | an organized layer of glycocalyx, firmly attached to the outer surface of a bacterial cell wall, some yeasts are also encapsulated |
| Cellulose | a polysaccharide found in the cell walls of algae and plants |
| Chitin | a polysaccharide found in fungal cell walls but not found in the cell walls of other microorganisms |
| Chloroplast | a membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm of algal and plant cells |
| Cilium | a thin, usually short, hairlike organelle of motility |
| Cytoskeleton | a system of fibers running throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells (microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments) |
| Flagella | whiplike organelles of motility |
| Flagellin | protein of which bacterial flagella are composed |
| Glycocalyx | extracellular material that may or may not be firmly attached to the outer surface of the cell wall |
| Lophotrichous bacterium | a bacterium that possesses two or more flagella at one end of the cell |
| Microtubules | cylindrical, cytoplasmic tubules found in the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells |
| Mitochondria | eukaryotic organelles involved in cellular respiration for the production of energy; "Energy factories" of the cell |
| Monotrichous bacterium | a bacterium that possesses only one flagellum |
| Negative stain | a staining procedure in which unstained objects can be seen against a stained background |
| Peptidoglycan | a complex structure found in the cell walls of bacteria, consisting of carbohydrates and proteins |
| Peritrichous bacterium | a bacterium that possesses flagella over its entire surface |
| Peroxisome | a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells, within which hydrogen peroxide is destroyed |
| Phagocyte | cell capable of ingesting bacteria, yeasts, and other particulate matter by phagocytosis |
| Photosynthesis | chemical process by which light energy is converted into chemical energy |
| Pili | hairlike surface projections possessed by some bacteria |
| Plasmid | an extrachromosomal genetic element, a molecule of DNA that can function and replicate while physically separate from the bacterial chromosome |
| Plastid | a membrane-bound organelle containing photosynthetic pigment, site of photosynthesis |
| Slime layer | an unorganized, loosely attached layer of glycocalyx surrounding a bacterial cell |
| Spirochetes | spiral-shaped bacteria |
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