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Mitosis and Miosis
9th grade p-ap biology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| From where do new cells arise? | All cells are made from pre-existing cells |
| Why does the body constantly make new cells? | New cells are produced for growth and to replace damaged or old cells |
| Is cell division the same in all cells? | Differs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
| Why must each new cell get a complete copy of the original cell's DNA | The instructions for making cell parts are encoded in the DNA |
| Copying DNA is know as____? | Replication |
| The original cell is called the ____ cell, while the two, new identical cells are called _________ cells | Parent, and daughter |
| About how many chromosomes are in the body cell of eukaryotes? | 10 to 50 |
| How many chromosomes are in a human body cell? | 46 chromosomes |
| What makes up each chromosome? | single, tightly coiled DNA |
| Chromosomes can only be seen when a cell is _____ | Not dividing |
| Uncoiled chromosomes are called? | Chromatin |
| DNA tightly coils by wrapping around what kind of proteins? | Histones |
| What are duplicated (doubled0 chromosomes called? | Chromatids |
| What holds chromatids together? | Centromere |
| Karyotype? | Is a map of where each chromosome is |
| Where are autosomes found on a karyotype? | 1-22 |
| Where are the sex chromosomes found on a karyotype? | End Last one |
| What is the genotype for males? | XY |
| For female? | XX |
| The prescence of which chromosome determines the sex of the child? | Y chromosome determines if the sex of the child is a boy or a girl |
| What is asexual reproduction? | Asexual reproduction includes a single cell dividing to make 2 new, identical daughter cells |
| Give 2 examples of asexual reproduction... | Mitosis growing and repairing dead cells and binary fission in prokaryotes |
| What is sexual reproduction and give an example? | meiosis and fertilization involves two cells (egg and sperm) to make a new cell (zygote) not identical though |
| Which process produces identical new cells? | Mitosis |
| Name the 5 phases of the cell cycle | Primary growth phase G, synthesis, secondary growth phase, Mitosis, cytokinesis |
| Which phase has 4 stages and name them? | Mitosis, prophase,metaphase, anaphase, telophase |
| Describe what occurs in the G1 stage of interphase | 1st growth stage after cell division, Cell carries on its normal activities, Cells mature by making more cytoplasm and organelles |
| When is DNA copied? | DNA is copied or replicated in synthesis |
| How do the new copies of DNA compare to the original DNA? | They are identical |
| What does a cell make during the G2 stage right before mitosis | Make both organelles and proteins |
| Name a structure needed for cell division that is made during the G2 stage. In what type of cell is this organelle found? | Centrioles(all cell structures needed for division are made) |
| Can the nucleus and nucleolus be seen during interphase? | YES |
| What part of a cell actually divides during mitosis? | the nucleus |
| Give another name for mitosis | Karyokinesis |
| Name a type of cell that doesn't undergo mitosis | prokaryotes |
| Name, in order, the four stages of mitosis. | 1. prophase 2. metaphase 3. Anaphase 4. Telophase |
| Name 2 things that happen to a cell during Early Prophase. | a. Chromatin in nucleus condenses to form visible chromosomes b. Mitotic Spindle forms form fibers in cytoskeleton or centrioles |
| What happens to the nucleus and nucleolus during prophase? | Nuclear Membrane and nucleolus are broken down |
| Why do chromosomes become visible during prophase? | continue condensing and are clearly visible |
| What are kinetochores? | Spindle fibers attache to the centromere of each chromosome |
| Where do kinetochore fibers attach to the centromere of each chromosome | Centromere |
| What finishes forming by the end of Late Prophase? | Spindle finishes forming between poles of the cell |
| From what does the spindle form in plants? | microtubles |
| From what does the spindle form in animals? | Centrioles |
| What are polar fibers? Do they attach to chromosomes? | Polar fibers extend from one pole of the cell to the opposite pole |
| Where are the poles of a cell? the equator of a cell? | On the sides....lined up |
| What happens to chromosomes during metaphase? | All chromosomes line up on the equator |
| During metaphase, where do chromosomes line up and what moves them there? | Equator, kinetorchore fibers |
| Which mitotic phase occurs rapidly? | Anaphase |
| What happens to sister chromatids during anaphase | Pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell by kinetochore fibers |
| What pulls sister chromatids apart during anaphase? | Spindle fiber |
| Where are chromatids located during telophase | Opposite poles |
| What disassembles in telophase? | Spindle |
| What reforms around each set of sister chromatids during telophase? | Nuclear envelope |
| What organelle reappears inside the nucleus? | Nucleolus |
| During telophase as the chromosomes uncoil, they reappear as.... | chromatin |
| What process or phase follows telophase? | Cytokinesis |
| What divides during cytokinesis? | Daughter cells splits from cell |
| Explain how cytokinesis occurs in plants. | In plant cells, cell plate forms at the equator to divide cells |
| Explain how cytokinesis occurs in animals. | Cell "pinches" in to split cell furrow |
| How does the chromosome number of the parent cell compare to that of the 2 daughter cells? How do the 3 cells compare in size? | They make a copy and split, Have the same number of chromosomes as each other and as the parent cell, identical but a bit smaller until fully grown |
| What is the first thing the daughter cells must do following cytokinesis? | It will grow and mature |
| If the parent cell has a chromosome number of 2n=6 what will be the chromosome number of the daughter cells? | 6....mitosis number doesn't change |
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