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Pharmacology Reviews
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Aspirin Do not give together w/ other __________. Do not give to what age group? why? | with other anticoagulants. Stop taking Aspirin some days before surgery. Do not give to children with viral infection(Reye syndrome) |
| NSAID’s contraindicated for people with what condition? | e.g. Ibuprofen—Take with food; contraindicated for people with GI ulcers |
| Morphine hold if resp less than what? | A respiratory depressant. It should be withheld if the respirations are below 10 |
| Dilantin anticonvulsant can cause what s/e? | Causes gum hyperplasia. Advice client to visit dentist frequently |
| Predisone | : Causes Cushing like symptoms. Common side effects are immunosupression(monitor client for infection), hyperglycemia |
| Heparin Monitor what lab? :H-E-P-E-R-I-N _ _ _ what is the antidote? | PTT Antidote i-s protamine sulfate |
| Coumadin monitor which lab? Which value, PT or PTT, does heparin influence? Which one does coumadin? Stumped? You can find the right answer by counting to 10 C-o-u-m-i-d-i-n _ _ _ what is the antidote? | PT. Antidote is Vitamin K |
| Cogentin | ANTI-PARKINSONIAN Used to treat EPS |
| Sinemet | Drug is effective when tremors are not observed |
| Theophylline/Aminophylline | Bronchodialator Side effects--Tachycardia |
| Digoxin. use. s/e therapetic level ___-___ng/ml | (Lanoxin): Signs of toxicity: Pt will complaint of visual change in colors. Cardiovascular. They would also complain of loss of appetite. |
| Magnesium Sulfate | ANTIHYPERTENSIVE (PRE-ECLAMPSIA)Monitor for deep tendon reflex and respiratory depression |
| Hydrochlothiazide-use.monitor what levels? | DIURETICS Monitor potassium levels |
| Lasix use. monitor what levels? | Monitor potassium levels |
| Aldactone. class. use. it spares what? | Potassium sparing |
| Lithium Carbonate therapuetic range ___-___mEq/L | :PSYCHOTROPICS Know therapeutic range (0.8 to 1.2mEq). Also know symptoms of toxicity. Adequate fluid and salt intake is important. |
| MAOI inhibitors | : PSYCHOTROPICS Have dangerous food-drug interactions. Food with Tyramine should be avoided. For example: aged cheese, wine etc. |
| Disulfiram (Antabuse) | : Used for alcohol aversion therapy. Clients started on Disulfiram must avoid any form of alcohol or they would develop a severe reaction. Teach pt to avoid some over-the-counter cough preparations, mouthwash etc. |
| Oxytocin | Assess uterus frequently for tetanic contraction. |
| Narcan: Reverses the effects of what class of drugs? | Reverses the effects of narcotics |
| Calcium Gluconate antidote for what? | Antidote for magnesium sulfate |
| Vitamin K antidote for what? | Antidote for Coumadin |
| Tegretol | Carbamazepine - side effects.Common adverse effects include drowsiness, headaches and migraines, motor coordination impairment and/or upset stomach. Carbamazepine preparations typically greatly decrease a person's alcohol tolerance. |
| Atropine What do you do before giving this drug? | check BP |
| Epogen. use. moa | Used in treating anemia because it increases RBC production. |
| Acyclovir. class. use | anti-viral medication used in treating shingles. |
| Aminoglycocides | Monitor client taking antibiotics such as Vancomycin for ototoxicity. Pt will complain of tinnitus, room spinning (vertigo) and nausea. |
| dilantin. use. therapeutic level __-___mcg/dl | anti-epileptic/anticonvulsant. 10-20mcg/dl |
| When clinical signs of volume overload exists, these drugs are used to increase urinary output, decrease blood volume, preload, and cardiac workload. | Diuretics |
| Three types of diuretics used to decrease blood volume and lower blood pressure. | Loop Diuretics, Thiazides, and Potassium-sparing |
| These diuretics depress Na reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle and promote potassium excretion. | Thiazide |
| hydrochlorothazide (HCTZ) | Class: antihypertensive, diuretic; thiazide diuretic |
| Inhibits aldosterone, causing Na to be excreted in the distal tubule, but sparing potassium. | Potassium-sparing diuretic |
| Spironolactone(Aldactone) | Class; diuretics, potassium sparing diuretics |
| Labs to monitor during Diuretic therapy | BUN, creatinine, electrolyets, potassium levels, glucose, uric acid levels, hypotension, |
| Thiazide diuretics are contraindicated in clients with? | Renal failure. Cumulative effects of the thiazide may develop in patients with impaired renal function. In such patients, thiazides may precipitate azotemia (increased urea). |
| Block epinephrine from interacting with beta receptor sites. | Beta Blockers |
| Selective beta blockers | Lower b/p by blocking beta receptors in the heart and peripheral vessels, reducing heart rate, myocardial contractility, and cardiac output. |
| acebutolol (Sectral); atenolol (Tenormin); betaxolol (Kerlone); bisoprolol (Zebeta); esmolol (Brevibloc); metoprolol (Lopressor and Torprol-XL) | Cardioselective beta-blockers |
| Nonselective beta-blockers | block beta2-adrenergic receptors on the smooth muscle of the bronchioles and blood vessels. Does not only work specially on the heart. |
| nadolol (Corgard); propranolol (Inderal); timolol (Blocadren) | Nonselective beta-blockers |
| Sudden stop of beta-blockers administration can lead to what | HTN crisis |
| before taking beta-blockers med the nurse should assess the ______ which must be over ______ before giving to patient | apical pulse rate; 50bpm |
| iontrope | decreases mycardial contractility |
| chonotrope | decrease heart rate |
| Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, one of the most powerful vasoconstrictors in the body, thereby decreasing b/p. | Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (Ace-inhibitors) |
| Ace Inhibitors also blocks the release of what to reduce Na and water retension. | aldosterone |
| benazepril (Lotensin); captopril (Capoten); enalapril/enalaprilat (Vasotec, Vasotec IV), fosinopril (Monopril), lisinopril (Prinvil, Zestril); moexipril (Univasc); perindopril (Aceon); quinapril (Accupril); ramipril (Altace); trandolapril (Mavik) | Class: antihypertensive; ACE inhibitors. |
| Cardio drugs that cause severe dry cough | Ace inhibitors |
| lab tests considerations for Ace inhibitors | BUN, creatinine, electrolytes, serum potassium, CBC, AST, ALT. |
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| Anti-infective drugs: | Gentamicin (Garamycin, Alcomicin, Genoptic), kanamycin (Kantrex), neomycin (Mycifradin), streptomycin (Streptomycin), tobramycin (Tobrex, Nebcin), amikacin (Amikin) |
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibiting agents: | Benazepril (Lotensin), lisinopril (Zestril), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), fosinopril (Monopril), moexipril (Univas), quinapril (Acupril), ramipril (Altace) |
| Beta adrenergic blockers: | Acebutolol (Monitan, Rhotral, Sectral), atenolol (Tenormin, Apo-Atenol, Nova-Atenol), esmolol (Brevibloc), metaprolol (Alupent, Metaproterenol), propanolol (Inderal) |
| Benzodiazepine drugs: | Clonazepam (Klonopin), diazepam (Valium), chlordiazepox-ide (Librium), lorazepam (Ativan), flurazepam (Dalmane) |
| Phenothiazine drugs: | Chlopromazine (Thorazine), prochlorperazine (Compazine), trifluoperazine (Stelazine), promethazine (Phenergan), hydroxyzine (Vistaril), fluphenazine (Prolixin) |
| Glucocorticoid drugs: | Prednisolone (Delta-Cortef, Prednisol, Prednisolone), prednisone (Apo-Prednisone, Deltasone, Meticorten, Orasone, Panasol-S), betametha-sone (Celestone, Selestoject, Betnesol), dexamethasone (Decadron, Deronil, Dexon, Mymethasone, Dalalone), cortisone (Co |
| Antivirals: | Acyclovir (Zovirax), ritonavir (Norvir), saquinavir (Invirase, Fortovase), indinavir (Crixivan), abacavir (Ziagen), cidofovir (Vistide), ganciclovir (Cytovene, Vitrasert) |
| Cholesterol-lowering drugs: | Atorvastatin (Lipitor), fluvastatin (Lescol), lovastatin (Mevacor), pravastatin (Pravachol), simvas-tatin (Zocar), rosuvastatin (Crestor) |
| Angiotensin receptor blocker drugs: | Valsartan (Diovan), candesartan (Altacand), losartan (Cozaar), telmisartan (Micardis) |
| Histamine 2 antagonist drugs: | Celecoxib (Celebrex), valdecoxib (Bextra) |
| Proton pump inhibitors: | Esomeprazole (Nexium), lansoprazole (Prevacid), pantopra-zole (Protonix), rabeprazole (AciPhex) |
| Anticoagulant drugs: | Heparin sodium (Hepalean), enoxaparin sodium (Lovenox), dalteparin sodium (Fragmin) |
| Antacids | Reduce hydrochloric acid in the stomach |
| Antianemics | Increase red blood cell production |
| Anticholenergics | Decrease oral secretions |
| Anticoagulants | Prevent clot formation |
| Antidiarrheals | Decrease gastric motility and reduce water in bowel |
| Antihistamines | Block the release of histamine |
| Antihypertensives | Lower blood pressure and increase blood flow |
| Bronchodilators | Dilate large air passages in asthma/lung disease |
| Laxatives | Promote the passage of stool |
| Miotics | Constrict the pupils |
| Mydriatics | Dilate the pupils |
| Dilate the pupils | Relieve moderate to severe pain |
Created by:
lgultom1
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