Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Chapt. 2 Vocabulary
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Chemical Evolution | The proposition that early in Earths history, simple chemical compounds in the atmosphere and ocean combined to form larger, more complex substances. |
| Atomic Number | Each element contains a characteristic number of protons |
| Mass Number | Sum of protons and neutrons, respectively. |
| Isotopes | Forms of an element with different numbers of neutrons |
| Atomic Mass Unit (amu) | the masses of protons, neutrons, and electrons can be measured in grams, the numbers involved are so small that chemists and physicists prefer to use (amu) |
| Orbitals | Electrons that move around atomic nuclei |
| Electron shells | Each electron orbital has a distinctive shape and each orbital can hold up to two electrons....Orbitals in turn are grouped into levels |
| Valence Electrons | Electrons found in the atoms valence shell |
| Valence | Number of unpaired electrons found in an atom |
| Chemical Bonds | Strong attractions that bind atoms together. |
| Covalent Bonds | Sharing of two or more atoms |
| Molecules | Substances that are held together by covalent bonds. |
| Nonpolar Covalent Bonds | Covalent bond that is symmetrical. |
| Electronegativity | Atoms that hold electrons in covalent bonds much more tightly than do other atoms; the degree of sharing varies by element |
| Ionic Bonds | Electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other |
| ion | Atom or molecule that carries a charge |
| Cation | Positively charged ions |
| Anion | Negatively charged ion |
| Molecular Formula | Indicates the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule |
| Structural Formulas | Indicates which atoms are bonded together |
| Chemical Reaction | One substance is combined with others or broken down into another substance |
| Mole | Refers to the number 6.022x10^23- just as the unit called the dozen refers to the number 1x10^6 |
| Molecular Weight | Sum of the mass numbers of 2 atoms of hydrogen and 1 atom of oxygen gives 1+1+16, or 18 |
| Solution | A homogenous(uniform)mixture of one or more substances dissolved in a liquid |
| Molarity | Number of moles of the substance dissolved in a liquid |
| Solvent | An agent getting substances into a solution |
| Polar | The overall distribution of charge is asymmetrical. |
| Hydrophillic | "water loving" |
| Hydrophobic | "water hating" |
| Cohesion | Binding between like moles |
| Adhesion | Binding between unlike moles |
| Meniscus | "Concave surface" Water moves from the roots of plants to the leaves. Can also form in a glass of water |
| Surface Tension | Is the property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force. |
| Specific Heat | The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degrees Celsius |
| Heat of Vaporation | The energy required to change 1 gram of it from a liquid to gas |
| Hydrogen Ion | The positively charged ion of hydrogen, H+ |
| Hydroxide Ion | The ion OH- |
| Acids | Substances that give up protons during chemical reactions and raise the hydrogen ion concentration of water |
| Bases | Molecules or ions that acquire protons during chemical reactions and lower the hydrogen ion concentration of water |
| pH | Express the concentration of protons in a solution with a logarithmic notation |
| Reactant | Atoms or molecules shown on the left |
| Products | Resulting reaction on the right |
| Chemical Equilibrium | Changing the concentration of reactants or products. |
| System | Water molecules set in a system to present as a combination of liquid water and water vapor |
| Endothermic | Within heating process |
| Exothermic | Out-side heating process |
| Energy | The capacity to do work or to supply heat |
| Potential Energy | Stored energy |
| Kinetic Energy | The energy of motion |
| Thermal Energy | Heat |
| Temperature | Measure of how much thermal energy its molecule posses |
| First Law of Thermodynamics | States that energy is conserved. |
| Entropy | The amount of disorder in a group of molecules |
| Second Law of Thermodynamics | State that entropy always increases in a isolated system |
| Gibbs Free-Energy Change | ΔG |
| Exergonic | Accompanied by the release of energy. |
| Endergonic | Accompanied by or requiring the absorption of energy |
| Free Radicals | An uncharged molecule having an unpaired valence electron. |
| Chemical Energy | Potential energy stored in chemical bonds |
| Organic Molecules | Molecules that contain carbon |
| Functional Groups | A group of atoms responsible for the characteristic reactions of a particular compound. |
Created by:
SoPretty18
Popular Biology sets