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Chapter 2

Water & Carbon

QuestionAnswer
What is chemical evolution? This is the proposition that early in earth's history, simple chemical compounds in the atmosphere and the ocean combined to form larger, more complex substances?
What is atomic number? The characteristic number of protons of an element.
What is an isotope? Forms of the element with different numbers of neutrons.
What is mass number? The sum of protons and neutrons in an elements nuclei.
What is an orbital? Electrons moving around the atomic nuclei in specific regions
What is an electron shell? Orbitals, in turn, are grouped into levels.
What are valence electrons? The outermost shell of an atom, and the electrons found in that shell.
What is a covalent bond? The shared electrons "glue" the atoms together
What are molecules? Substance that are held together by covalent bonds.
What Is Nonpolar-Covalent Bonding? Covalent Bonding that is symmetrical.
What Is Electronegativity? Asymmetric sharing of electrons that results in covalent bonding. Some atoms hold electrons in covalent bonds much more tightly than other atoms do.
What is an Ion? An atom or molecule that carries a charge.
What Is a cation? Positively charged ion
What Is an anion? Negatively Charged ion
What is a molecular formula? A way to represent molecules which indicates the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule.
What is a Structural Formula? A formula which indicates which atoms are bonded together.
What is a Chemical Reaction? A reaction which occurs when one substance is combined with others or broken down into another substance.
What is a Mole? Refers to the number 6.022*10 to the 23rd power.
What is a molecular weight? This is the sum of the mass numbers of all the atoms in a molecule.
What is a solution? This a is a homogenous mixture of one or more substances dissolved in a liquid.
What Is molarity? This is the number of moles of the substances present per liter of solution.
What is a solvent? This is an agent for getting substances into solution.
What is polar? This is the overall distribution of charge which is asymmetrical.
Created by: John226
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