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Pathophysiology.
Patho terms 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Pathology | Study of changes in structure related to disease/death |
| Pathophysiology | Study of how disease affects body function |
| Health | Ability to maintain homeostasis in normal conditions |
| Disease | Being unable to maintain homeostasis in normal conditions |
| Etiology | Study of the CAUSE of DISEASE |
| Genetic | A disease, condition, or trait inherited as a result of a single gene |
| Congenital | Disease, condition, or trait present at birth |
| Acquired | Disease, condition, or trait developed due to exposure |
| Idiopathic | Disease, condition, or trait without a clearly identified cause |
| Signs | EVIDENCE of a disease that is OBJECTIVE and can be MEASURED |
| Symptoms | EVIDENCE of a disease that is SUBJECTIVE and cannot be measured |
| Pathogenesis | The COURSE of a disease from ONSET to CONCLUSION |
| Acute | Disease that DEVELOPS and RESOLVES RAPIDLY |
| Chronic | Disease that DEVELOPS GRADUALLY and lasts LONGER than 3 MONTHS |
| Remission | Lessening severity of symptoms of a disease |
| Exacerbation | Increase in severity of symptoms or signs of disease |
| Local | Condition that is confined to one area |
| Systemic | Condition that affects the entire body |
| Endoscopy | Procedure that uses a fiber optic camera to view internal structures of the body |
| Radiodensity | Ability of an object to STOP or SLOW radiation |
| X-RAYS | Visual recording of differences in RADIODENSITY of anatomical structures |
| Contrast X-RAYS | X-Rays that use contrast media to increase radiodensity of select fluids to produce an image of the structure containing them |
| Ultrasound | Visual recording using soundwaves reflecting off objects in the body |
| Electrocardiogram | Recording of electrical activity of the CARDIAC CONDUCTION SYSTEM (ECG) |
| Electroencephalogram | Recording of electrical activity of the brain, most often the cerebral cortex (EEG) |
| Spirometry | Measures breathing- Any procedure used to measure a persons ability to move AIR or capacities of respiratory system. (Pulmonary function tests) |
| Chemotherapy | Use of chemicals to kill cells in the body. ( Two main types to kill cancer cells OR microorganisms) |
| Pharmacological | Use of DRUGS to TREAT disease |
| Palliative | Any treatment that relieves signs & symptoms without curing the disease. |
| Prognosis | Prediction of the likely outcome or consequences of having a disease |
| Sequela | Consequence of a previous disease |
| Complications | Consequence of a disease you currently have |
| Terminal | A disease likely to cause death |
| Trauma | Damage of a harmful amount of energy. (Mechanical, electrical, radiation, thermal) |
| Deficiency | Lacking in something essential |
| Intoxication | Being exposed to a toxic level of something |
| Hypertrophy | To increase in size |
| Atrophy | To decrease in size |
| Hyperplasia | Increased number of cells (through mitosis) |
| Metaplasia | Change in cell or tissue shape |
| Dysplasia | Irregular or abnormal replacement cells |
| Neoplasia | Growth of cells/tissues into new areas, resulting in a tumor. (Benign, or malignant) |
| Inflammation | Protective response of tissue to injury or infection or irritation(increased blood flow, pain, to region and leukocytosis) |
| Pyrogens | Chemicals that cause fever |
| Leukocytosis | Increased white blood cell production |
| Exudate | Excess fluid that accumulates at inflammation site. (High levels of proteins and neutrophils(WBC) |
| Serous Exudates | Thin, clear, watery fluid that accumulates at inflammation site |
| Purulent Exudate | Thick, creamy white or yellow fluid that accumulates at inflammation site (Pus) |
| Suppurative inflammation | Response to injury or infection leading to production of pus |
| Regeneration | Replacing damaged tissue through mitosis, restoring to its original condition |
| Repair | Replacing damaged tissue with scar tissue |
| Adhesions | Binding of two surfaces by scar tissue |
| Keloid Scarring | Over production of scar tissue, often resulting in a mass that is painful or tender (dermis, subcutaneous layer) |
| Contracture | Shortening of scar tissue over time OR shortening of muscle tissue as a result of fibrotic changes |
| Stenosis | Narrowing of any canal or opening |
| Sclerosis | Process of hardening. As a result of scar formation or accumulation of plaques |
| Necrosis | Tissue death |
| Prodromal stage | Early stage in development of a disease or infection characterized by lack of appetite and energy. "Coming down with something" |
| Anaphylaxis | Severe systemic allergic response characterized by vasodilation (cause severe drop in blood pressure) and bronchoconstriction (result-difficulty breathing) |
| Immunosurveillance | Immune systems constant search for an antigen |
| Immunotolerance | Immune systems ability to recognize and not attack tissues within the body |
| Incubation | Development of infection from the time the infectious organism enters the body until first CLINICAL signs/symptoms |
| Acute stage | Time during infection when clinical signs/symptoms begin to develop |
| Benign | A Nonmalignant neoplasm (tumor) |
| Malignant | A cancerous neoplasm (tumor) |
| Angiogenesis | Development of new blood vessels, especially capillaries |
| Tumor Markers | Proteins produced by tumor cells that can be detected in blood screenings |
| Carcinoma | Malignancy originating in epithelial tissues |
| Sarcoma | Malignancy originating in connective tissue |
| Glioma | Malignancy originating in tissue of the CNS |
| Carcinogenesis | Process of developing a Malignant neoplasm (tumor) |
| Initiators (of cancer) | Carcinogens that INCREASE rate of cancer cell production by activating oncogenes |
| Promoters (of cancer) | Carcinogens that DECREASE the body's ability to find/fight cancer cells by damaging tumor suppressing genes |
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fieldstodda
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