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Simonds: Evolution
Simonds_Evolution/Biotechnology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| species | interbreeding populations of organisms that can produce offspring capable of reproduction |
| theory | a hypothesis that is supported by evidence |
| variation | differences between individuals within a population |
| natural selection | the organisms that are best suited or adapted for their environment will survive to produce and pass on their traits to their offspring |
| Darwin | stated that their is variation in populations, and considered the "father of evolution" |
| adaptation | an inherited trait that increases an organisms chance for survival |
| speciation | the evolution of one or more species from a single ancestor |
| frequency | how often something occurs |
| anatomy | structure of an organism |
| physiological adaptation | a change in process, an internal change |
| example of physiological adaptation | bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics, plants becoming resistant to pesticides |
| homologous structure | same structure, different function |
| example of homologous structure | a human arm and bird wing, they have the same bone structure but do NOT do the same thing. The arm is used for picking up things, and the wing is used for flying |
| analogous structure | different structure, same function |
| example of analogous structure | a bird wing and insect wing. Although they are both used to fly (same function), they do not have the same structure. The bird has bones and feathers, the insect does not. |
| camouflage | the ability of a organisms to BLEND into the surroundings |
| mimicry | an organism RESEMBLING something else- king snake and coral snake |
| vestigial structure | a structure that an organism has, but is often unused |
| example of a vestigial structure | hipbone in a snake, appendix in humans |
| speciation | the formation of many species from ONE species |
| artificial selection | when breeders choose certain organisms to reproduce based on a desired trait. For example, mating large chickens to get larger chickens to make more money. |
| evolution | the change in species over time |
| genetic equilibrium | populations remain genetically stable over long periods of time |
| homologous structure | similar structure, different function. example:Human arm and bird wing |
| gradualism | the process of small adaptive changes slowly accumulating within a population over time |
| analogous structure | different structure, same function ex: bird wing and insect wing |
| gene pool | all the genes of all the members of a given population |
| vestigial structure or vestigial organ | structures that are inherited bu unused |
| convergent evolution | two different species develop same characteristics because of their environment |
| divergent evolution | species that once were similar to ancestral species become less alike |
| allelic frequency | how often an allele is present in a population |
| genetic drift | changes in the gene pool of a population caused by mutations or natural selection |
| reproductive isolation | when a species no longer mates due to different times that the organisms reproduce, it will cause development of two different species (speciation) |
| geographic isolation | when two species that once reproduced together are separate by a physical barrier. The separated species evolve into two species (speciation) |
| diversity | number and abundance of species in a community |
| speciation | the evidence of new species evolving |
| ancestor | an individuals relatives, who they are related to |
| biochemistry | evidence for evolution that compares chemicals of different species. chemicals such as DNA, amino acids, proteins, hormones, etc. |
| type of population that genetic drift occurs faster in | small population with MANY mutations |
| anatomical | a structure of an organism, anatomy |
| embryo | a developing fetus (baby) |
| embryology | comparing embryos of different species to see how similar they are and if they came from common ancestors |
| bottom of the sample | the location of the oldest fossil record |
| phenotype | the way an gene is expressed on the outside. Ex: red hair, big feet, etc. |
| DNA fingerprinting | comparing DNA strands/bands of different samples to determine guilty/innocence. Also used to determine parents |
| DNA recombination | combining two DNA strands to change the genetic makeup. For example: taking the blue trait in blueberries and adding it to strawberry DNA |
| pedigree | a chart used to show a family tree and to chart genetic traits in a family |
| karyotype | a picture taken during metaphase of an organisms chromosomes. In humans, their should be 23 pairs (two of each= 46) |
| non-disjunction | the failure of chromosomes to separate correctly. Can result in monosomy or trisomy |
| trisomy | result of non-disjunction, individual has 3 of a particular chromosome, instead of 2 |
| monosomy | result of non-disjunction, individual has only 1 of a particular chromosome, instead of 2 |
| enzymes | organic catalyst that speed up reactions, they are proteins |
| monomer of proteins | amino acids held together by peptide bonds |
| gel electrophoresis | used to separate DNA bands to compare DNA fingerprints |
| gametes (sex-cells) | type of cells made during meiosis |
| body cells(somatic cells) | type of cell made during mitosis |
| osmosis | movement of water from high to low concentration, does not require energy(passive transport) |
| substrate | the piece that inserts into the active site of an enzyme to start the reaction |
| activation energy | amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction, enzymes lower activation energy |
Created by:
ssimond1
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