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genetics

QuestionAnswer
Genetics Study of heredity
Dominant Trait that is expressed when there are two types of traits
Recessive trait that is masked by another
Homozygous When both alleles are the same
Heterozygous When the alleles are different
Genotype Type of genes found on chromosomes
Phenotype Physical appearance as a result of inherited genes
Sex-linked Trait that is found on X chromosome
Sex-influenced Trait that is expressed differently based on gender
Mutation Change in a gene or DNA
Incomplete Dominance Pattern of inheritance where the traits blend
Codominance When both alleles are expressed
Polygenic Trait Trait controlled by more than one gene
Alleles Different forms of a gene
Autosome Non-sex chromosome
Punnett Square Method used to predict the outcome of genetic crosses
T/F: Each parent contributes half of the genes that a child receives True
T/F: The genetic makeup of a child may be influenced by the position of the sun, moon, or stars at the time of his or her birth False
T/F: The father determines the sex of the child True
T/F: Many of a person's traits are influenced by the blood False
T/F: There are more male births each year than female births True
T/F: A child may inherit from a parent a trait that the parent does not show True
T/F: Acquired traits, such as the ability to speak a language or throw a baseball, may be inherited False
T/F: Experiences or foods eaten by a mother during pregnancy may result in a birthmark on a newborn baby False
T/F: The parent with the stronger will or more dominant personality determines more of the children's traits False
T/F: Marrying and having children with someone who is fairly closely related could lead to birth defects and genetic disease True
T/F: Identical twins are always the same sex True
T/F: Fraternal twins are more closely related genetically than other children in a family False
What is the sex of a person who is XX? XY? Girl, Boy
Who is known as the "father of genetics?" Gregor Mendel
With what plant did Gregor Mendel experiment? Pea plant
What are two examples of sex-linked traits? Hemophilia and colorblindness
Why are sex-linked traits more common in males than females? Sex-linked traits are only carried on X chromosome. Males have 1 X; if it carries the trait, they have the trait. Females have 2 X, so they usually have dominant normal X to suppress or hide trait
What are two examples of human polygenic traits? Skin color, hair color
What are two examples of sex-influenced traits? Baldness in humans; antlers in deer
What may the human karyotype be used to determine? If genetic disease is present in an unborn child
Possible bloodtypes for AB and O: A or B
Possible bloodtypes for AB and B: A, B, or AB
Possible bloodtypes for B and B: B or O
Possible bloodtypes for A and O: A or O
Possible bloodtypes for O and O: O
Possible bloodtypes for A and B: A, B, AB, O
Mendel's Law of Segregation Mendel stated that in a sex cell formation, each receives only one allele of the gene
Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment Genes found on different chromosomes are distributed independently of each other
Explain why brown-eyed parents can have blue-eyed children, but blue-eyed parents can only have blue-eyed children? Since the brown eyed allele is dominant to the blue-eyed allele, brown eyed parents could be heterozygous (carrier) of the blue eyed allele, thus having a blue eyed child. Blue eyed parents can only form gametes with the recessive blue eye allele
Which blood type is the most common in the US? Rarest? O, AB
What is genetic engineering? The change of an organism's genetic material that does not occur in a natural way
How may genetic engineering be beneficial to mankind? It can be used to produce medicines in large quantities such as insulin, and vaccines that provide immunity to diseases
What are some risks of genetic engineering? We may accidentally create altered organisms which could lead epidemics of disease, or ones that are resistant to drugs or pesticides
Created by: mcculin14
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