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chp. 12 vocab 1/8

QuestionAnswer
transformation process in which one strain of bacteria is changed by a gene or genes from another strain of bacteria
bacteriophage virus that infects bacteria
nucleotide monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base
basepairing principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
chromatin granular material visible within the nucleus, consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins
histone globular protein molecule around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin
replication copying process by which a cell duplicated its DNA
DNA polymerase enzyme that "proofreads" new DNA strands, helping to ensure that each molecule is a nearly perfect copy of the original DNA
gene sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait
messenger RNA (mRNA) RNA molecule that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins form DNA to the rest of the cell
ribosomal RNA (rRNA) type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes
transfer RNA (tRNA) type of RNA molecule that transfers amino acids to ribosomes during protein synthesis
transcription process in which part of the nucleotide sequence of DNA is copied into a complementary sequence in RNA
RNA polymerase enzyme similar to DNA polymerase that binds to DNA and separates that DNA strands during transcription
promoter region of DNA that indicates to an enzyme where to bind to make RNA
intron intervening sequence of DNA; does not code for a protein
exon expressed sequence of DNA, codes for a protein
codon three-nucleotide sequence on messenger RNA that codes for a single amino acid
translation decoding of a mRNA message into a polypeptide chain
anticodon group of three bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to a mRNA codon
mutation change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information
point mutation mutation that affects a single nucleotide, usually by substituting one nucleotide for another
frameshift mutation mutation that shifts the "reading" frame of the genetic message by inserting or deleting a nucleotide
polyploidy condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes
operon group of genes operating together
operator region of chromosome in an operon to which the repressor binds when the operon is "turned off"
differentiation process in which cells become specialized in structure and function
hox gene series of genes that controls the organs and tissues that develop in various parts of an embryo
Created by: jena_leigh
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