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Microbio Vocab 3-1
Microbiology vocabulary: chapter 3, section 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | the smallest unit of living structure capable of independent existence |
| cell membrane | the protoplasmic boundary of all cells; provides selective permeability and serves other important functions |
| chromosomes | cellular structures where most/all of the cell's genes are located |
| cytology | the study of cells |
| cytoplasm | a type of protoplasm that lies outside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
| deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | a macromolecule containing the genetic code in the form of genes |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | a network of membranous tubules and flattened sacs in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell |
| eukaryotic cells | cells containing a true nucleus |
| gene | a functional unit of heredity that occupies a specific space on a chromosome |
| gene product | molecule that is coded for by a gene |
| genotype (genome) | complete genetic constitution of an individual |
| Golgi complex | a membranous system located within the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell |
| lysosome | a membrane-bound vesicle found in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells |
| metabolism | the sum of all the chemical reactions occurring in a cell |
| nuclear membrane | the membrane that surrounds the chromosomes and nucleoplasm of a eukaryotic cell |
| nucleolus | a dense portion of the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell where ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is produced |
| nucleoplasm | the portion of a eukaryotic cell's protoplasm that lies within the nucleus |
| nucleus | the portion of a eukaryotic cell that contains the nucleoplasm and chromosomes |
| organelles | the general term for the various and diverse structures contained within a eukaryotic cell |
| phagocytosis | ingestion of particulate matter involving the use of pseudopodia to surround the particle |
| polyribosomes | two or more ribosomes connected by a molecule of mRNA |
| prokaryotic cells | cells lacking a true nucleus |
| ribosomes | organelles that are the site of protein synthesis in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes |
| rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) | an endoplasmic reticulum with attached ribosomes |
| selective permeability | an attribute of membranes whereby only certain substances are able to cross the membranes |
| smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) | an endoplasmic reticulum with no attached ribosomes |
| species | a specific member of a given genus |
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