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Bio- Brain

QuestionAnswer
Brain is protected by which 2 structures? Meninges and skull
How many layers of the meninges? where? 3; btw skull and brain
superficial most layer of the meninges? Dura Mater. The Dura Mater extends into major fissures of the brain, forming tube-like openings that collect blood and CSF and drain into blood vessels that leave the skull
2nd layer of meninges? where? The arachnoid Mater (tissue resembles webbing) Space btw first 2 layers is called the Subdural Space, which is filed with fluid.
3rd layer of meninges? Pia Mater (cannot be separated from the brain) The space btw the 2nd and 3rd layer is the Subarachnoid Space (filed with cerebrospinal fluid and web-like strands)
Meningitis? Can be viral or bacterial Inflammation of the meninges Pus accumulates, preventing CSF from flowing, leading to paralysis, coma and death.
Flow of CSF? Made in plexus and enters ventricles Lateral ventricle to the 3rd ventricle Down to the 4th ventricle Foramina in the 4th ventricle allow CSF to enter subarachnoid space The flows up and around the brain or down the spinal cord
what makes the CSF flow? Since the majority of CSF is made in lateral ventricle, it has to leave the ventricle to make room for new CSF being made The new CSF procedures pressure that forces the fluid out and around the brain and throughout the spinal cord
why is CSF in constant demand? CSF must be constantly made bc it is constantly lost It eventually gets dumped and mixed in with blood and brought to the heart.
Choroid Plexus. function? located? villi? Located in each ventricle Produces CSF Each plexus is made up of villi (little "fingers") that are composed of ciliated and non-ciliated ependymal cells
The Spinal Cord is also a part of the CNS; except what 2 things? It links the brain to the PNS;It is continuous with the brain and the 3 layers It gets smaller in diameter, the further away it gets from the brain (except Cervical Enlargement-where the nerves of the upper limbs exit the cord)&Lumbar Enlarg.(lower limbs
Anatomy of Spinal Cord: White Matter. (3)?? Dorsal Column - back most part of the spinal cord; Ventral Column - belly side of the SC; Lateral Column - Side of the SC
White matter further divided into what? These 3 columns are further divided into Fasciculi, or nerve tracts. Axons carrying AP to or from the brain are grouped together so that each fasciculus carries the same info.
Anatomy of the Spinal Cord: Gray Matter? (3)? Dorsal Horn Ventral Horn Lateral Horn
Epidural Space? Space btw dura mater and bone of vertebral column This is where an epidural anesthetic is injected to relieve pain.
Reflex Arc? How are we able to pull our hands off of a hot stove so quickly The reflex arc is responsible The arc allows us to react without needing our brian's input. Cannot resist
How does the reflex arc work? brain? When we touch something hot, pain receptors in skin send an afferent message to SC SC sends msgs to flexor muscles in arm to contract your hand pulls away from the hot stove
2 pathways from SC? names and nicknames? Motor pathways are descending pathways bc they carry signal from the CNS to the muscles (PNS) Sensory pathways are ascending pathways - receptors in PNS send msgs to CNS
Indirect pathways? These are important bc they have multiple synapses that allow for regulation of the info carried int he AP. These are more synapses for sensory pathways that for motor pathways bc this incoming info could overwhelm the brian.
3 ventricles? lateral, 3rd and 4th
Subdural space? Space btw first 2 layers is called the Subdural Space, which is filed with fluid.
Subarachnoid space? The space btw the 2nd and 3rd layer is the Subarachnoid Space (filed with cerebrospinal fluid and web-like strands)
DIAGRAM!
Created by: Ktfic
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