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Gov. Test 5 and 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| equal protection clause | 14th amendment forbids any state to deny equal protection of the laws to any individual within its jurisdiction |
| reasonable-basis test | test applied to laws that treat individuals unequally. Laws may be deemed constitutional if their purposes are held to be "reasonably" related to a legitimate government interest. |
| strict-scrutiny test | applied to laws that attempt a racial or an ethnic classification. It eliminates race or ethnicity as a legal classification when it places minority group members at disadvantages. |
| affirmative action | programs designed to ensure that disadvantaged groups have full and equal opportunities in life. |
| de jure discrimination | based on race, sex, religion, ethnicity, and the like that results from the law (easier to overcome) |
| de facto discrimination | based on race, sex, religion ethnicity, and the like that results from social, economic, and cultural biases and conditions. |
| political socialization | how people develop their political ideas and opinions |
| primary socializing agents | family school church |
| secondary socializing agents | peers media leaders |
| group orientations that affect politics | religion race gender wealth/income age |
| how to measure public opinion | polls |
| good poll constitutions | good question, carefully worded, unbiased, random sample, asked professionally, low margin of error, proper analysis |
| sample | amount of people |
| population | people who's opinions are being estimated |
| latency | potential to be important |
| salience | ho relevant it is to the person |
| agenda setting | what the media chooses to talk about and how often. |
| issue framing | how the media chooses to portray an event/person/issue. |
| primary | voting preliminary (regular) |
| caucus | voting with meeting to discuss what the voters are voting on. |
| public opinion | views prevalent among the general public. |
| ideology | the ideas and manner of thinking of a group. |
| intensity | how strongly one feels about the issue being polled. |
| margin of error | the interval of confidence for a particular answer. |