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220 Unit 4
Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Pyloric Sphincter | thickened circular smooth muscle around pyloric orifice at the junction of the stomach and duodenum. Usually contracted but relaxes at intervals to permits acid chyme to enter duodenum. |
| Duodenum | first part of small intestine between pylorus and jejunum, 8-11 inches long. Hepatic and pancreatic secretions through common bile duct. |
| Jejunum | second part of intestine. 2.5 feet long. |
| Ileum | third part of intestine, ends at ileocecal orifice, opening into large intestine. |
| Ascending colon | begins at cecum, first part of large intestine, passes upward to the right colic or hepatic flexure, and turns into transverse then into descending at splenic flexure. |
| Peristalsis | progressive wavelike movement occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of body. |
| Peritoneum | serous membrane lining of abdominal cavity and reflected over the viscera. |
| Villi | plural of villus, small fold, or projection of some mucus membranes. |
| Cystic duct | secretory duct of gallbladder. Unites with hepatic duct from the liver to form common bile duct. |
| Ascites | abnormal accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity. |
| Adhesions | holding together to surfaces or parts, as in wound healing. Fibrous band holding parts together that are normally separated. |
| Fecalith | fecal concretion. |
| Gastrectomy | surgical removal of all or part of the stomach. |
| Gastritis | acute or chronic inflammation of lining of the stomach. |
| Gastroparesis | delayed emptying of food from stomach into small bowel. Usually with parenteral nutrition, DM, chronic RF, amyloidosis. |
| Ileus | loss of bowel motility, occasionally resulting in intestinal obstruction. Loss of forward flow of intestinal contents. ABD cramping, increased ABD distention, obstipation, constipation. N&V, electrolyte imbalance. |
| Ulcer | lesion of lesion or mucus membrane marked by inflammation, necrosis, and sloughing of damaged tissues (trauma, caustic chemicals, ↑heat or cold, arterial or venous stasis, cancer, drugs, herpes simplex |
| Cholelithiasis | gallstones |
| Portal hypertension | ↑ pressure in the portal vein caused by obstruction of the flow of blood through the liver (cirrhosis, ascites, splenomegaly) |
| Varices | tortuous dilatation of a vein (varicose vein) |
| Colostomy | opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to skin surface. |
| Incarcerated | imprisoned, constricted and confined of blood flow, as in irreducible hernia. |
| Megacolon | massive dilation of colon, which if left untreated may result in perforation or peritonitis. |
| Melena | black, tarry feces caused by digestion of blood in GI tract. Common in newborns and adults with GI bleeding. |
| Ileostomy | surgical passage through abdominal wall through which a segment of ileum is exteriorized. End stoma or loop stoma may be created. Feces/urine drain into bag on ABD. |
| Fistula | abnormal tube like passage from a normal cavity or tube to a free surface or another cavity (congenital, abscesses, injuries, radiation, malignancies, inflammatory process). |
| Fissure | groove or natural division, cleft, slit, deep furrow (brain, liver, spinal cord, others) |
| Hematemesis | vomiting of blood. |
| Inguinal | pertaining to the region of groin, hip creases below abdomen and lateral to perineum. |
| Intussusception | slipping of one part of an interesting into another part just below it becoming unsheathed. |
| Jaundice | condition marked by yellow staining of the body tissues and fluids as a result of excessive levels of billirubin in the blood stream. |
| Volvulus | twisting of bowel on itself, causing obstruction. |
| Perforation | act or process of making a hole, such as caused by ulceration. |
| Polyp | swelling or excrescence (tumor) emanating from mucus membrane, common in vascular organs, like nose, uterus, colon, rectum. Bleed easily, can become malignant. |
| Pruritus | itch, tingling, faintly burning skin sensation. |
| Stenosis | constriction or narrowing of a passage or orifice. |
| Stricture | narrowing or construction of the lumen of a tube, duct, or hollow organ such as esophagus, ureter, or urethra. |
| Strangulated | compression or constriction of a part, as the bowel or throat, causing suspension of breathing or the passage of contents. |
| Pancreatic duct | duct that convey pancreatic juice to the common bile duct and duodenum. |
| Biliary tree | organs and ducts participate into the secretion, storage, and delivery of bile. |
| Enteritis | inflammation of intestines, particularly of mucosa and submucosal of small intestine. |
| Hepatic portal circulation | veins drain the digestive organs, spleen, and pancreas and deliver the blood to the liver via hepatic portal vein. Some nutrients are stored as it percolates through. |
| Common bile duct | duct that carries bile and pancreatic juice to the duodenum. Formed by union of cystic duct of gallbladder and hepatic duct of liver, joined by the main pancreatic duct. |
Created by:
CJWight
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