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Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| passive tansport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density |
| concentration gradient | a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance |
| equilibrium | in biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water or another solvent from a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent |
| hypertonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside a cell |
| hypotonic | describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration inside a cell |
| isotonic | a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside a cell |
| contractile vacuole | in protozoans, an organelle that accumulates water and then releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure |
| turgor pressure | the pressure that molecules exert against the cell wall |
| plasmolysis | when water leaves plants through osmosis, the cells shrink away from the cell walls and the turgor pressure is lost. |
| cytolisis | when water diffuses into cells and causes them to swell and burst. |
| facilitated diffusion | when a protein helps the molecules diffuse. |
| carrier protein | a protein molecule that helps in the process of facilitated difffusion. |
| ion channels | transpot ions |
| active transport | movement accross the cell membrane that requires the cell to use energy |
| sodium potassium pump | a carrier protein that moves sodium and potassium up the concentration gradient. |
| Endocytosis | when cells ingest external fluids, macromolecules,and large particles including other cells. |
| Vesicle | a small sac |
| pinocytosis | involves transport of solutes or fluids |
| phagocytosis | involves transport of large particles or whole cells. |
| phagocytes | cells in animals that use phagocytosis to ingest bacteria and viruses that invade the body. |
| exocytosis | the proccess in which a substance is relesed from the cell througha vesicle that transports the substance to the cellsurface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out of the cell. |
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harrisa15
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