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sexual & asexual re
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| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mitotic division | is the normal process that body cells use to grow new tissue or repair existing tissue. |
| During mitosis | cells divide to form two daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell and to each other. |
| the number of chromosomes remains | the same as in the parent cell. |
| Meiotic division | which only occurs in eukaryotic cells, is the process through which gametes or spores are produced. |
| In meiotic division, | a form of cell division occurs that produces haploid daughter cells with half of the species' usual number of chromosomes. |
| Meiosis produces | four daughter cells that are genetically diverse. |
| If a gamete cell (egg or sperm) is able to unite with the opposite type of gamete cell | the chromosomes will combine to yield the full number of chromosome pairs, and normal mitotic cell division can begin. |
| crossing over | process unique to meiosis—can occur. |
| Crossing over occurs during | prophase I when two chromosomes pair up and exchange parts of their DNA. |
| Crossing over provides genetic diversity between | the parents and their offspring. |
| Genetic variation | can also occur when alleles are randomly sorted during meiosis. |
| Since each offspring receives a different combination of alleles from the parent organisms | phenotypic diversity results. |
| Mutations | in genes can occur whenever a segment of DNA is inserted, deleted, or substituted. |
| Mutations sometimes create changes in | an organism's phenotype or the phenotype of its potential offspring, but they also can have no effect on an organism at all. |
| Mutations that have no effect on an | organism are called silent mutations. |
| Mutations will only be passed on to an organism's offspring | in the mutation occurs in the sex cells, or gametes, of the organism. |
| Mutations in somatic cells do not affect | the genotype of potential offspring. |
| Mutations increase genetic | variability because they change the genotype of an organism. |
| what comes after interphase? | Prophase |
| What comes after prophase? | Metaphase |
| what comes after metaphase? | anaphase |
| what comes after anaphase? | telophase |
| when does the cell split? | during telophase. |
| the phase that the cell still has string in it? | interphase. |