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F1 Test Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Geologist | A scientist who studies the forces that make and shape the planet Earth. |
| Rock | The material that forms Earth’s hard surface. |
| Geology | The study of planet Earth. |
| Constructive Force | A force that builds up mountains and landmasses on Earth’s surfaces. |
| Destructive Force | A force that slowly wears away mountains and other features on the surface of the Earth. |
| Continent | A great landmass surrounded by oceans. |
| Seismic Wave | A vibration that travels through Earth carrying the energy released during an earthquake. |
| Pressure | The amount of force pushing on a surface or area. |
| Crust | The layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer surface. |
| Basalt | A dark, dense, igneous rock with a fine texture found in oceanic crust. |
| Granite | A usually light-colored rock that is found in continental crust. |
| Mantle | The layer of hot, solid material between Earth’s crust and core. |
| Lithosphere | A rigid layer made up of the uppermost part of the mantle and the crust. |
| Asthenosphere | The soft layer of the mantle on which the lithosphere floats. |
| Outer Core | A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of the Earth. |
| Inner Core | A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel in the center of the Earth. |
| Heat Transfer | The movement of energy from a warmer object to a cooler object. |
| Radiation | The transfer of energy through empty space. |
| Conduction | The transfer of heat by direct contact of particles of matter. |
| Convection | The transfer of heat by movements of a heated fluid. |
| Density | The amount of mass in a given space; mass per unit of volume. |
| Convection currents | The movement of a fluid, caused by differences in temperature, that transfers heat from one part of the fluid to another. |
| Pangaea | The name of the single landmass that broke apart 200 million years ago and gave rise to today’s continents. |
| Continental Drift | The hypothesis that the continents slowly move across Earth’s surface. |
| Fossil | A trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock. |
| Mid-Ocean Ridge | The undersea mountain chain where new ocean floor is produced; a divergent plate boundary. |
| Sonar | A device that determines the distance of an object under water by recording echoes of sound waves. |
| Sea-Floor Spreading | The process by which molten material adds new oceanic crest to the ocean floor. |
| Deep-Ocean Trench | A deep valley along the ocean floor through which oceanic crust slowly sinks towards the mantle. |
| Subduction | The process by which oceanic crust sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the mantle at a convergent plate boundary. |
| Plates | Separate broken pieces in the lithosphere |
| Scientific Theory | a well tested concept that explains a wide range of observations |
| Plate Tectonics | the geological theory that states that pieces of the Earth’s lithosphere are in constant, slow motion, driven by convection currents in the mantle |
| Faults | breaks in the Earth’s crust where rocks have slipped past each other |
| Transform Boundary | a place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite direction, crust is neither created nor destroyed |
| Divergent Boundary | a place where two plates move apart or diverge |
| Convergent Boundary | a place where two plates come together or converge |
| Rift Valley | a deep valley that forms where two plates move apart |
Created by:
eberg101
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