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chap.2sem.1
Semester final chapter2 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Element | a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substnaces by chemical or physical means |
| Atom | is the smallest particle of matter that contains the characteristics of an element |
| element (What it does) | it is the building block of materials |
| Atomic Number | number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Electron | smallest particle negitive charge |
| energy levels | electrons are located here |
| Isotopes | Atoms with the same number of protons but diffrent numbers of neutrons |
| mass number | the total mass of the aton (Protons + neutrons) |
| Compounds | a substance tha that consists of two or more elements that are chemically combined in specific proportiions |
| What causes an atom to form a chemical bond? | Atoms outer most energy level doesnt have enough electrons. |
| Chemical bonds | forces that hold atoms together in a compound. |
| What are the four types of chemical bonds? | Chemical, Ionic, Covalent, metallic |
| Ion | atom that has an electrical charge because of a gain or loss of one or more electrons |
| Possitive and Negative ions form ___________? | Ionic bonds |
| Atoms sharing electrons form ________________? | Covalent bonds |
| Electrons are shared by metal ions form ____________? | Metallic bonds |
| Mineral | a naturally occurring,inorganic solid with an orderly crystalline structure and a definite chemical composition |
| What characteristics must a mineral have? | Naturally occurring, solid substnace, orderly crystalline structure, definite chemical composition, generally considered inorganic. |
| What are the four major proccess that form minerals? | crystallization form magma, precipitation,changes in pressure and temperature, and formation from hydrothermal solutions |
| How do they classify minerals? | By groups based on composition |
| Silicon-oxygen tetrahedron | form from silicon and oxygen combinign to form this structure |
| Silicates | Minerals Contain silicon-oxygen tetrahedron structure |
| carbonates | minerals that contain the elements carbon, oxygen and one or more metallic elements. |
| Oxides | minerals that contain oxygen and one or more other elements, which are usually metals |
| Sulfates and Sulfides | minerals that contain the element sulfur |
| Halides | minerals that contain a halogen ion plus one or more other elements |
| native elements | group of minerals that exist in relatively pure form. |
| What gives minerals its color? | Small amounts of diffrenet elements |
| Streak | The color of a mineral in its powdered form |
| luster | describe how light is reflected off the surface of a mineral |
| crystal form | visibal expression of a minerals interna arrangement of atoms |
| hardness | measure of resistance of a mineral of being scratched. |
| What does the mohs scale measure | Hardness of minerals. 10 being the hardest 1 being the softest |
| cleavage | the tendency of a mineral to break along flat even surfaces |
| fracture | minerals that dont show cleavage |
| What is density? | A property of all matter that is the ratio of an objects mass and volume |
| What is the equation to find density? | Mass/Volume=Density |
| What is another way to determine what type of mineral an unknown rock is? | Other speicific characteristics. (Feel, magnetic e.g.) |
Created by:
Tjover
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