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Bio Vocab. lolll
Mrs. Morgan's vocab. for January 4th's test.
| Word | Defenition |
|---|---|
| heredity | the passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring |
| Genetics | the science of heredity and of the mechanisms by which traits are passed from parents to offspring |
| monohybrid cross | a cross between individuals that involves one pair of contrasting traits |
| P generation | parental generation, the first two individuals that mate in a genetic cross |
| F1 generation | the first generation of offspring obtained from an experimental cross of two organisms |
| F2 generation | the second generation of offspring, obtained from an experimental cross f two organisms; the offspring of the F1 generation |
| allele | one of the alternative forms of a gene that governs a characteristic, such as hair color |
| dominant | the expressed form of a trait |
| recessive | the trait that is not expressed when the dominant form of the trait was present |
| homozygous | describes an individual that has identical alleles for a trait on both homologous chromosomes |
| heterozygous | describes an individual that had two different alleles for a trait |
| genotype | the entire genetic makeup of an organism; also the combination of genes for one or more specific traits |
| phenotype | an organism's appearance or other detectable characteristic that results from the organisms's genotype and the environment |
| law of segregation | Mendel's law that states that the pairs of homologous chromosomes separate in meiosis so that only one chromosome from each pair is present in each gamete |
| law of independent assortment | the law that states separate independently of one another in meiosis |
| punnett square | a graphic used to predict the results of a genetic cross |
| test cross | the crossing of an individual of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotypes |
| probability | the likelihood that a possible future event will occur inany given instance of the event; the mathematical ratio of the number of times one outcome of any event is likely to occur to the number of possible outcomes of the event |
| pedigree | a diagram that shows the occurrence of a genetic trait in several generations of a family |
| sex-linked traits | a trait that is determined by a gene found on one of the sex chromosomes such as the X chromosomes or the Y chromosomes in humans |
| polygenic trait | a characteristic of an organism that is determines by many genes |
| incomplete dominance | a condition in which a trait in an individual is intermediate between the phenotype of the individual's two parents because the dominant allele is unable to express itself fully |
| multiple alleles | more than two alleles (versions of a gene) for a genetic trait |
| codominance | a condition in which both alleles for a gene are fully expressed |
| vaccine | a substance prepared from killed or weakened pathogens and introduced into a body to produce immunity |
| double helix | the spiral- staircase structure characteristic of the DNA molecule |
| nucleotide | in a nucleic acid chain, a subunit that consists of a sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base |
| deoxyribose | a five- carbon sugar that is a component of DNA nucleotides |
Created by:
CarolineCloninger
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