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DNA Replication

AP Biology - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

QuestionAnswer
The conversion of a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell. transformation
A virus that infects bacteria; also called a bacteriophage. phage
Type of DNA replication in which the replicated double helix consists of one old strand, derived from the parental molecule, and one newly made strand. semiconservative model
A Y-shaped region on a replicating DNA molecule where the parental strands are being unwound and new strands are being synthesized. replication fork
A protein that binds to the unpaired DNA strands during DNA replication, stabilizing them and holding them apart while they serve as templates for the synthesis of complementary strands of DNA. single-strand binding proteins
A short stretch of RNA with a free 3′ end, bound by complementary base pairing to the template strand and elongated with DNA nucleotides during DNA replication. primer
An enzyme that catalyzes the elongation of new DNA (for example, at a replication fork) by the addition of nucleotides to the 3′ end of an existing chain. DNA polymerase
A short segment of DNA synthesized away from the replication fork on a template strand during DNA replication. Many such segments are joined together to make up the lagging strand of newly synthesized DNA. Okazaki fragment
The cellular process that uses specific enzymes to remove and replace incorrectly paired nucleotides. mismatch repair
A repair system that removes and then correctly replaces a damaged segment of DNA using the undamaged strand as a guide. nucleotide excision repair
An enzyme that catalyzes the lengthening of telomeres in eukaryotic germ cells. telomerase
Eukaryotic chromatin that remains highly compacted during interphase and is generally not transcribed. heterochromatin
The less condensed form of eukaryotic chromatin that is available for transcription. euchromatin
Created by: jtaylor422
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