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U3L03 Chapter 15
AP Biology - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A basic principle in biology stating that genes are located at specific positions (loci) on chromosomes and that the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis accounts for inheritance patterns. | chromosome theory of inheritance |
| A gene located on either sex chromosome. Most sex-linked genes are on the X chromosome and show distinctive patterns of inheritance; there are very few genes on the Y chromosome. | sex-linked gene |
| A dense object lying along the inside of the nuclear envelope in cells of female mammals, representing a highly condensed, inactivated X chromosome. | Barr body |
| General term for the production of offspring with combinations of traits that differ from those found in either parent. | genetic recombination |
| An offspring whose phenotype differs from that of the true-breeding P generation parents; also refers to the phenotype itself. | recombinant type |
| An ordered list of genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) along a chromosome. | genetic map |
| A unit of measurement of the distance between genes. One map unit is equivalent to a 1% recombination frequency. | map unit |
| An error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or a pair of sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other. | nondisjunction |
| Referring to a diploid cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two. | monosomic |
| A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. It is the result of an accident of cell division. | polyploidy |
| An aberration in chromosome structure due to fusion with a fragment from a homologous chromosome, such that a portion of a chromosome is duplicated. | duplication |
| An aberration in chromosome structure resulting from reattachment of a chromosomal fragment in a reverse orientation to the chromosome from which it originated. | inversion |
| A human genetic disease usually caused by the presence of an extra chromosome 21; characterized by developmental delays and heart and other defects that are generally treatable or non-life-threatening. | Down syndrome |
| A phenomenon in which expression of an allele in offspring depends on whether the allele is inherited from the male or female parent. | genomic imprinting |
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