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U2L06 Signaling

AP Biology - Cell Communication

QuestionAnswer
A series of steps linking a mechanical, chemical, or electrical stimulus to a specific cellular response. single transduction pathway
A process in which phages (viruses) carry bacterial DNA from one bacterial cell to another. When these two cells are members of different species, transduction results in horizontal gene transfer. transduction
A GTP-binding protein that relays signals from a plasma membrane signal receptor, known as a G protein-coupled receptor, to other signal transduction proteins inside the cell. G protein
A transmembrane protein containing a pore that opens or closes as it changes shape in response to a signaling molecule (ligand), allowing or blocking the flow of specific ions; also called an ionotropic receptor. ligand-gated ion channel
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, a ring-shaped molecule made from ATP that is a common intracellular signaling molecule (second messenger) in eukaryotic cells. It is also a regulator of some bacterial operons. cyclic AMP
A type of large relay protein to which several other relay proteins are simultaneously attached, increasing the efficiency of signal transduction. scaffolding protein
An enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP in response to an extracellular signal. adenylyl cyclase
A small, nonprotein, water-soluble molecule or ion, such as a calcium ion or cyclic AMP, that relays a signal to a cell's interior in response to a signaling molecule bound by a signal receptor protein. second messengers
An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein, thus phosphorylating the protein. protein kinase
A molecule that binds specifically to another molecule, usually a larger one. ligand
) In cellular communication, the change in a specific cellular activity brought about by a transduced signal from outside the cell. response
A secreted molecule that influences cells near where it is secreted. local regulator
Created by: jtaylor422
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