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U2L05 Photosynthesis
AP Biology - Photosynthesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The conversion of light energy to chemical energy that is stored in sugars or other organic compounds; occurs in plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes. | photosynthesis |
| A green pigment located in membranes within the chloroplasts of plants and algae and in the membranes of certain prokaryotes. Chlorophyll a participates directly in the light reactions, which convert solar energy to chemical energy. | chlorophyll |
| The dense fluid within the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane and containing ribosomes and DNA; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. | stroma |
| The process of generating ATP from ADP and phosphate by means of chemiosmosis, using a proton-motive force generated across the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast or the membrane of certain prokaryotes during the light reactions of photosynthesis. | photophosphorylation |
| The entire spectrum of electromagnetic radiation, ranging in wavelength from less than a nanometer to more than a kilometer. | electromagnetic spectrum |
| The range of a pigment's ability to absorb various wavelengths of light; also a graph of such a range. | absorption spectrum |
| An accessory pigment, either yellow or orange, in the chloroplasts of plants and in some prokaryotes. By absorbing wavelengths of light that chlorophyll cannot, carotenoids broaden the spectrum of colors that can drive photosynthesis. | carotenoid |
| One of two light-capturing units in a chloroplast's thylakoid membrane or in the membrane of some prokaryotes; it has two molecules of P680 chlorophyll a at its reaction center. | photosystem II |
| The initial incorporation of carbon from CO2 into an organic compound by an autotrophic organism (a plant, another photosynthetic organism, or a chemoautotrophic prokaryote). | carbon fixation |
| A series of steps linking a mechanical, chemical, or electrical stimulus to a specific cellular response. | single transduction pathway |
| (1) In cellular communication, the change in a specific cellular activity brought about by a transduced signal from outside the cell. (2) In feedback regulation, a physiological activity triggered by a change in a variable. | response |
| A transmembrane protein containing a pore that opens or closes as it changes shape in response to a signaling molecule (ligand), allowing or blocking the flow of specific ions; also called an ionotropic receptor. | ligand-gated ion channel |
| An enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from ATP to a protein, thus phosphorylating the protein. | protein kinase |
| An enzyme that converts ATP to cyclic AMP in response to an extracellular signal. | adenylyl cyclase |
| A type of large relay protein to which several other relay proteins are simultaneously attached, increasing the efficiency of signal transduction. | scaffolding protein |
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