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U2L02 Cell Membranes
AP Biology - Cell Membranes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A type of endocytosis in which the cell ingests extracellular fluid and its dissolved solutes. | pinocytosis |
| Cellular uptake of biological molecules and particulate matter via formation of vesicles from the plasma membrane. | endocytosis |
| The coupling of the “downhill” diffusion of one substance to the “uphill” transport of another against its own concentration gradient. | cotransport |
| An active transport protein that generates voltage across a membrane while pumping ions. | electrogenic pump |
| The difference in electrical charge (voltage) across a cell's plasma membrane due to the differential distribution of ions. Membrane potential affects the activity of excitable cells and the transmembrane movement of all charged substances. | membrane potential |
| The movement of a substance across a cell membrane against its concentration or electrochemical gradient, mediated by specific transport proteins and requiring an expenditure of energy. | active transport |
| A transmembrane protein channel that allows a specific ion to diffuse across the membrane down its concentration or electrochemical gradient. | ion channel |
| A phenomenon in walled cells in which the cytoplasm shrivels and the plasma membrane pulls away from the cell wall; occurs when the cell loses water to a hypertonic environment. | plasmolysis |
| Swollen or distended, as in plant cells. (A walled cell becomes turgid if it has a lower water potential than its surroundings, resulting in entry of water.) | turgid |
| Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to lose water. | hypertonic |
| Referring to a solution that, when surrounding a cell, will cause the cell to take up water. | hypotonic |
| The ability of a solution surrounding a cell to cause that cell to gain or lose water. | tonicity |
| The spontaneous movement of a substance down its concentration or electrochemical gradient, from a region where it is more concentrated to a region where it is less concentrated. | diffusion |
| A transmembrane protein that helps a certain substance or class of closely related substances to cross the membrane. | transport protein |
| A protein with one or more covalently attached carbohydrates. | glycoprotein |
| A property of biological membranes that allows them to regulate the passage of substances across them. | selective permeability |
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