Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
NURS 572A-13a
Chapter 13 PNS physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 3 Functions of ANS (sym/psym) | *regulate heart *regulate secretory glands *regulate smooth muscles |
| 3 types of secretory glands regulated | *salivary *gastric *sweat |
| 4 types of smooth muscle regulated | *bronchi *blood vessels *GI *urogenital |
| psymp function | slow heart rate |
| psymp function | increased gastric secretion |
| psymp function | emptying bladder/bowel |
| psymp function | focus eye for near vision (ciliary muscle) |
| psymp function | bronchial contraction |
| 3 main functions of symp ns | *regulate cardiovascular system *regulate body temp *implement flight/fight |
| By influencing heart/bvessels, symp ns achieves 3 homeostatic objectives | *maintain blood flow to brain *redistribute blood flow during exercise *compensate for loss of blood (vasoconstrict) |
| 3 ways symp ns regulates body temp | *dilate/constrict cutaneous vessels *promote secretion of sweat glands *induce piloerection (heat conservation) |
| flight/fight response | increase HR/BP |
| flight/fight response | shunt blood from skin/viscera to sk muscle |
| flight/fight response | bronchial dilation |
| flight/fight response | dilate pupils |
| flight/fight response | mobilize stored energy |
| 3 patterns of autonomic innervation & regulation | *both symp/psymp --> effects opposed *both symp/psymp --> effects complemented *only one - symp OR psymp |
| Example of symp/psymp opposing regulation | heart |
| Example of symp/psymp complementary action | erection (psymp), ejaculation (symp) |
| Example of only one ANS division regulation | blood vessels (exclusively symp) |
| Typical feedback loop components = reflex | sensor, interneurons, effector |
| most important feedback loop of ANS | baroreceptor reflex (BP) |
| location of baroreceptors | *carotid sinus *aortic arch |
| action of barorecptor reflex- when BP falls | vasoconstrict |
| action of baroreceptor reflex - when BP rises | vasodilation |
| autonomic tone definition | steady, day-to-day influence exerted by ANS |
| basal tone control | regulation primarily by either symp or psymp to obviate conflicting instruction |
| most organs, predominant tone provided by | psymp |
| vascular system, exception, predominant tone by | symp |
| Psymp order of innervation | spinal cord, pregang, ganglion, postgang, target |
| symp order of innervation -1 | spinal cord, pregang, gang, postgang, target |
| symp order of innervation -2 | spinal cord, adrenal medulla (functional equivalent of postgang), epi, target |
| somatic order of innervation | spinal cord, sk muscle |
| 3 ntran of PNS | *ACh *Norepi *epi |
| 5 locations of ACh transmitter | *preganglionic of psymp *preganglionic of symp *post ganglionic of psymp *all motor neurons *most sweat glands - post gang symp |
| Psymp ACh release at | pregang, postgang to target |
| symp ACh release at - 1 | pregang (then NE) |
| symp ACh release at -2 (sweat glands) | pregang, post gang to sweat gland |
| symp ACh release at -3 (adrenal medulla) | pregang to adrenal medulla (then epi to target) |
| somatic ACh release | motor neuron directly to skeletal muscle |
| Noreiniphrine released by | *all post gang symp *EXCEPT sweat glands (ACh) |
| Epiniphrine released by | *adrenal medulla |
| Adrenal medulla releases | Epi/Norepi |
| cholinergic receptors | mediate response when ACh is ntran |
| adrenergic receptors | mediate responses when epi(adrenalin)/Nor is ntran |
| 3 major subtypes - cholinergic | Nn = nicotinic-n (neuronal) Nm = niconinic-m (muscle) M = muscarinic |
| 4 major subtypes - adrenergic | A1 = alpha-1 A2 = alpha-2 B1 = beta-1 B2 = beta-2 |
| dopamine receptor | classified as adrenergic, but only respond to dopamine (CNS generally) |
| receptor subtype effect on pharmacology | dramatic increase in drug selectivity |
| Activation of Nn receptors promote - 3 | *symp ganglionic transmission *psymp ganglionic transmission *promotes release of epi from adrenal medulla |
| Activation of Nm receptors promote | activation of sk muscle |
| Activation of muscarinic receptors, in general promotes | *psymp target organs *symp sweat glands |
| Specific action of muscarinic receptors - 7 | *increased glandular secretions *sm muscle contraction *slow HR *miosis bwo sphincter muscle contraction *near vision focus bwo ciliary muscle contraction *vasodilation *urinary voiding - contraction of detrusor muscle, relaxation of trigone & sphin |
| Special note muscarinic on blood vessels | *no innervation, physiology unclear *pharmacological significance - drugs activate muscarinic receptors --> vasodilation--> lower BP |
| Life cycle of ACh | *choline + AcetylCoA *ACh binds M, Nn or Nm *ACh degraded by AchE *once degraded,choline reuptake, acetate diffuses |
| Botulinum toxin effect | inhibits ACh release |
| Effect of meds/poisons at cholinergic receptors | block or mimic actions of ACh |
| effect of med/poisons on acetylcholinesterase AChE | inhibit AChE causing accumulation of ACh |
| life cycle of Norepi | *extracellular phenylalanine-->tyrosine *intracellular Dopa --> NE *NE released --> Alpha-1, Alpha-2, Beta-1 *NE reuptake *NE recycled or degraded by MAO |
| Effects of drugs on NE | *alter synth, storage or release of NE *mimic or block NE at receptors *inhiit reuptake of NE *inhibit MAO |
| Example of drugs that inhibit NE reuptake | *cocaine *TCAs |
| Epinephrine life cycle starts with | chromaffin cells in adrenal medulla synthesize NE--> epi bwo enzymatic conversion |
| Why can't sympathetic nerves synthesize Epi | because they lack the enzyme needed to convert NE-->epi (done by adrenal medulla instead) |
| How is Epi's action terminated? | by hepatic metabolism, no reuptake into nerves |
Created by:
lorrelaws
Popular Nursing sets