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bio vocab jan 2012
biology vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| error bars | used to show either the range of the data or the standard deviation |
| standard deviation | used to summarize the spread of values around the mean, and 68% of the values fall within one standard deviation of the mean |
| emergent properties | arise from the interaction of component parts: the whole is greater than the sum of its parts |
| diffusion | the passive movement of particles from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration |
| osmosis | the passive movement of water molecules, across a partially permeable membrane, from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute concentration |
| organic | compounds containing carbon that are found in living organisms - except hydrogencarbonates, carbonates and oxides of carbon |
| inorganic | all compounds that contain no carbon |
| enzyme | globular proteins which act as a catalyst of chemical reactions |
| active site | a region on the surface of an enzyme to which substrates bind and which catalyzes a chemical reaction involving the substrates |
| denaturation | a structural change in a protein that results in the loss of its biological properties |
| cell respiration | the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP |
| gene | a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic |
| allele | one specific form of a gene, differing from other alleles by one or a few bases only and occupying the same gene locus as other alleles of the gene |
| genome | the whole of the genetic information of an organism |
| gene mutation | a change to the base sequence of a gene |
| homologous chromosomes | chromosomes which have the same genes as each other, in the same sequence, but not necessarily the same alleles of those genes |
| genotype | the alleles of an organism |
| phenotype | the characteristics of an organism |
| dominant allele | an allele that has the same effect on a phenotype whether it is present in the homozygous or heterozygous |
| recessive allele | an allele that only has an effect on the phenotype when present in the homozygous state |
| codominant alleles | pairs of alleles that both affect the phenotype when present in a heterozygote |
| locus | the particular position on homologous chromosomes of a gene |
| homozygous | having two identical alleles of a gene |
| heterozygous | having two different alleles of a gene |
| carrier | an individual that has one copy of a recessive allele that causes a genetic disease in individuals that are homozygous for this allele |
| test cross | testing a suspected heterozygote by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive |
| sex linkage | the association of a characteristic with gender, because the gene controlling the characteristic is located on a sex chromosome |
| clone | a group of genetically identical organisms or a group of cells derived from a single parent cell |
| species | a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring |
| habitat | the environment in which a species normally lives or the location of a living organism |
| population | a group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time |
| community | a group of populations living and interacting with each other in an area |
| ecosystem | a community and its abiotic environment |
| ecology | the study of relationships between living organisms and between organisms and their environment |
| autotroph | an organism that synthesizes its organic molecules from simpler inorganic substances |
| heterotroph | an organism that obtains organic molecules from other organisms |
| consumers | an organism that ingests other organic matter that is living or recently killed |
| detritivores | an organism that ingests non-living organic matter |
| saprotrophs | an organism that lives on or in nonliving organic matter, secreting digestive enzymes into it and absorbing the products of digestion |
| trophic level | an organisms position in the food chain |
| precautionary principle | if the effects of a human-induced change would be very large, perhaps catastrophic, those responsible for the change must prove that it will not do harm before proceeding |
| evolution | the cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population |
| fundamental niche | the potential mode of existence given the adaptations of the species |
| realized niche | the actual mode of existence which results from its adaptations and competition with other species |
| biomass | the total dry mass of organic matter in organisms or ecosystems |
| gross production | the total amount of organic matter produced by plants an ecosystem |
| net production | the amount of gross production in an ecosystem remaining after subtracting the amount used by plants in respiration |
| primary succession | succession that occurs where no living organisms have previously existed |
| secondary succession | succession that occurs where an ecosystem has previously existed |
| biome | a type of ecosystem |
| biosphere | the habitable region of the earth |
| biomagnification | a process in which chemical substances become more concentrated at each trophic level |
Created by:
sarahevery
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