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Biology Chapter 5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell respiration | A decomposition pathway that provides the energy cells need to function |
| Aerobic | A form of respiration occurring in the presence of oxygen |
| Anaerobic | A form of respiration occurring without oxygen |
| Metabolism | The sum of all decomposition and synthesis reactions in an organism |
| Glycogen | Animal starch |
| Biosynthesis | Natural synthesis reactions |
| Decomposition | A form of reaction in which the molecule breaks down |
| Oxidation | A reaction in which molecules lose electrons |
| Reduction | A reaction in which molecules gain electrons |
| Glycolysis | A reaction in which enzymes partially oxidize glucose and split it into two 3-carbon molecules. |
| Krebs cycle | A reaction in which the two 3-carbon molecules each lose a carbon atom and are fully oxidized to CO2. |
| Electron Transport System | A reaction where water is formed and the released energy is used to make ATP. |
| Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide | A hydrogen-carrying molecule |
| Pyruvic acid | A 3-carbon compound which is oxidized from a glucose-6-phosphate and is the end result of glycolysis |
| Lactate | What comes from unused pyruvic acid, returns to the glycolysis reaction in lactic-acid fermentation. |
| Lactic-acid fermentation | An anaerobic pathway where glycolysis is reused with lactate. |
| Pyruvate | A form of pyruvic acid found in plants |
| Ethanol | A form of alcohol that is found in yeast cells |
| Acetic acid | A form of vinegar made from bacteria that live in and eat wine |
| Mitochondria | A specialized structure that provides efficiency and order to cell respiration |
| Christae | Folds in the inner membrane of a mitochondria |
| Matrix | The fluid-filled space in the mitochondria |
| Coenzyme A | A small carrier molecule that delivers acetate to the Krebs cycle |
| Acetate | A 2-carbon organic acid |
| Acetyl CoA | Acetyl combined with coenzyme A (CoA) that dissolves to deliver acetate to the Krebs cycle |
| Oxaloacetate | A 4-carbon acid that combines with acetyl and releases used CoA to make citrate |
| Citrate | A 6-carbon acid that is further oxidized |
| Cytochromes | A easily reduced and oxidized proton or enzyme that is part of the electron transport system |
| Anaerobic respiration | A form of respiration that, instead of reducing oxygen to water, reduces sulfur compounds |
| Faculative aerobes | Creatures that switch between being aerobes and anaerobes as necessary to survive at the time |
| Obligate anaerobes | Special class of creature that only uses anaerobic respiration |
| Obligate aerobes | More common class of creature that only uses aerobic respiration |
| Carbon skeletons | Carbon structures used in biosynthesis |
| Hydrolysis | A breakdown reaction in which the components of water are used to break a bond |
| Homeostatic mechanisms | Biomechanisms that keep internal temperatures constant |
| Brown fat | Fat cell that stores a specialized type of fat that can be quickly used to produce a lot of heat energy |
| Hibernation | A type of sleep in which the hibernating creature slows down its vital functions and only uses enough energy to stay alive |
Created by:
lapplebey
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