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Biology midterm vocb
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| smallest unit of life capable of carrying functions of living things | cell |
| group of cells that perfom a specific function in an organism | tissue |
| several different types of tissues that function together | organ |
| several organs working together to perform a function | organ system |
| any living thing | organism |
| group of organisms of the same species that live together | population |
| group of organisms that can interbreed & produce healthy offspring | species |
| includes all populations of different organisms living together | community |
| includes community of organisms in an area | ecosystem |
| regulation of an organism's internal environment | homeostasis |
| anything in an organism's external or internal environment | stimulus |
| reaction to a stimulus | response |
| changes in response to independent variable | dependent variable |
| factor in a controlled experiment that is deliberately changed | independent variable |
| anything that occupies space & has mass | matter |
| pure substance that consists entirely of one type of atom | element |
| the smallestcomponent of an element | atom |
| substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements | compound |
| has relatively large mass & positive charge | proton |
| about the same mass as proton & no charge | neutron |
| relatively small mass& a negative charge | electron |
| number of protons in an element | atomic numebr |
| chemical bond formed when one or more electrons are trasnferred | ionic bond |
| type of bond between atoms in which electrons are shared | covelent bond |
| type of mixture in which all components are evenly distributed | solution |
| substance that is dissolved in a solution | solute |
| makes organic compounds different | functional group |
| small chemical units that make up a polymer | monomer |
| molecules formed by linking two or more monomers | polymer |
| compound containing hydrocarbon groups | organic compounds |
| forming bonds between molecules by removing water molecules | dehydration synthesis |
| breaking of bonds of a polymer by inserting water molecules | hydrolysis |
| compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, & oxygen atoms in 1:2:1 ratio | carbohydrates |
| simplest carbohydrate | monosaccharide |
| sugars made of two covalently bonded monosaccharides | disaccharide |
| giant polymers that consist of thousands of linked monosaccharidespolysaccharide | polysaccharide |
| macromolecule made mostly from carbon & hydrogen atoms | lipid |
| the ability to perform work | energy |
| only allows certain things to go through | semi-permeable |
| when particles move from an area of high to low concentration | diffusion |
| unequal distribution of molecules | concentration gradient |
| tunnels made of protein that are always open to allow molecules | channel proteins |
| carry moleules across cell membrane by changing shape | carrier proteins |
| taking in of large molecules | bulk transport |
| process by which a cell surrounds & takes in materila from environment | endocytosis |
| expulsion of secretion of amterials from a cell | exocytosis |
| process that sues the sun's energy to make simple sugars | photosynthesis |
| converts light energy into chemical energy | light-dependent reaction |
| produces simple sugars | light-independent reaction |
| absorbs most wavelengths of light except green | chlorophyll |
| reaction where molecules of water are split | photolysis |
| series of reactions that use carbon dioxide to form sugars | calvin cycle |
| process by which mitochondria breaks down food for ATP | cellular respiration |
| requires oxygen | aerobic |
| no oxygen required | anaerobic |
| process by which glucose is converted to pyruvic acid, energy released | glycolysis |
| series of phases in cell division where mucleus divides into two | mitosis |
| cell division which produces gametes containing half numebr of chromosomes | meiosis |
| basic physical unit of heredity | gene |
| form or an option of that gene | allele |
| two chromosomes of each pair in a diploid cell | homologous chromosomes |
| holds together a sister chromatid at its core | centromere |
| passing on of characteristics from parents to offspring | heredity |
| scientific study of heredity | genetics |
| characteristics that are inherited | traits |
| form of the trait that is observed | phenotype |
| actual genetic make-up of an organism | genotype |
| an organism in which two alleles for a trait are identical | homozygous |
| an organism in which two alleles for a trait are not identical | heterozygous |
Created by:
morgan.acosta.15
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