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N101 Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Categories of Health Care: | Primary, Secondary, Tertiary |
| Categories of Health Care: to prevent or slow down the on set of disease | Primary |
| Categories of Health Care: screening, education, to detect disease at early stage | Secondary |
| Categories of Health Care: Treat illness, get back to pre-illness stage: rehab, main intervention | Tertiary |
| Pt. stays in hosp 24 hrs. or longer | In-patient |
| Pt. stays 23 hrs. or less | Out-patient |
| Same day surgery, minute clinics, walk out svcs. | Ambulatory Services |
| DRG | Diagnosis Related Groups |
| Insurer decides how many day to recover from surg/illness/etc. & provides reimbursement | Prospective Payment Program |
| JCAHO | Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations |
| Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations | JCAHO |
| PHS | Public Health Services |
| Federal Health Agency under direction of US Dept. of Health & Human Services | PHS |
| PHS oversees: | CDC & NIH |
| CDC | Centers for Disease Control & Prevention |
| NIH | National Institute of Health |
| Focuses on EPIDEMIOLOGY | CDC |
| The study of Infections & Diseases | Epidemiology |
| Funds & conducts health RESEARCH | NIH |
| PPO | Preferred Provider Organization |
| Characteristics of Therapeutic Communication | Empathy, Respect, Genuineness, Concreteness, Confrontation |
| Florence Nightingale | Crimean War |
| Antibiotics after | WWII |
| Purposes of Nursing Care | Health Promotion Prevention of Illness Health Restoration End of Life Care |
| WHO | World Health Org |
| A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. | Health |
| The primary role of the nurse is | Caregiver Role |
| CNS | Clinical Nurse Specialists |
| NP | Nurse Practitioner |
| CRNA | Nurse Anesthetist |
| CNM | Nurse Midwife |
| Uses technology in healthcare & incorporates it into nursing practice | Nurse Informatics |
| Critically uses skills to create independent, innovative business | Nurse Entrepreneur |
| LPN | Licensed Practical Nurse |
| LVN | Licensed Vocational Nurse |
| ANA | American Nurse's Association |
| Defines the legal scope of nursing practice | Nurse Practice Acts |
| ANA Stds. of care: Assessment Diagnosis Outcomes Planning I Evaluation Documentation | Implementation |
| ANA Stds. of care: Assessment D Outcomes Planning Implementation Evaluation Documentation | Diagnosis |
| ANA Stds. of care: Assessment Diagnosis Outcomes Planning Implementation Evaluation D | Documentation |
| ANA Stds. of care: A Diagnosis Outcomes Planning Implementation Evaluation Documentation | Assessment |
| ANA Stds. of care: Assessment Diagnosis Outcomes Planning Implementation E Documentation | Evaluation |
| The Nursing Process = | Problem Solving |
| NLN | National League for Nursing |
| Accredits and guides nursing school curriculums | NLN |
| First place to start with Pt. (Pt. comes to Hosp.) | Assessment |
| What's wrong with Pt.? (they're sick) | Diagnosis |
| What's the goal? (Pt. gets better) | Outcome |
| How do we reach outcome? (What do we do to make sick Pt. get better?) | Planning |
| Carry out plan to make sick Pt. better | Implementation |
| Was the outcome reached? Did Pt. get better? | Evaluation |
| Recording the results of implemented outcome | Documentation |
| RAIN | Research Available In Nursing |
| The Minimum Necessary Standard (Pt. Info) | HIPAA |
| PHI | Protected Health Information |
| PUPPI | Pressure Ulcer Prevention & Patient Intervention |
| Program strives to maintain skin integrity from admission throughout hospitalization | PUPPI |
| ADL | Activities of Daily Living |
| DVT | Deep Vein Thrombosis |
| Blood clot stationary in leg | Thrombus |
| Blood clot that moves | Embolism |
| TEDS | Antiembolism Stockings |
| Oral Mucosa | Lining of the Oral Cavity |
| Slight muscular resistance | Tone |
| Increased tone, Passive movement of joint met with increased resistance | Hypertonicity |
| Muscle has little tone, feels flabby or flaccid | Hypotonicity |
| "flex" your arm - show your muscle | Flexion |
| Extend your arm - stretch are out | Extension |
| Overextend your arm - bent wrong, unnatural way | Hyperextension |
| Turn Palm, forearm down | Pronation |
| Turn Palm, forearm up | Supination |
| Move Arm out - away from body | Abduction |
| Move arm toward body - Add to body | Adduction |
| Flex toes and foot upwards | Dorsiflexion |
| Bend toes/foot down | Plantar Flexion |
| Bend fingers/hand down | Palmar Flexion |
| 3 Layers of the Skin | Epidermis Dermis Subcutaneous Tissue |
| Outer skin layer No blood vessels/innervation | Epidermis |
| Skin layer contains collagen, elastic fibers, nerve endings, blood vessels & lymph tissues | Dermis |
| Skin layer that connects skin to body Stores nutrients Functions in thermal regulation | Subcutaneous Tissue |
| ROS | Review of Systems |
| Skin: White | Pallor |
| Skin: Red | Erythema |
| Skin: Blue/gray | Cyanosis |
| Cyanosis | Not enough O2 |
| Skin: Blue around lips | Circum Oral Cyanosis |
| Skin: Yellow | Jaundice |
| Jaundice | Usually Liver/Gall Bladder |
| Small hemorrhagic spots (red) on skin, usually from coagulation | Petechiae |
| Accumulation of blood in Sub-Q tissue causing purpl discoloration | Ecchymosis |
| Unusual balding of the scalp | Alopecia |
| Excessive amts. of hair on face & body | Hirsutism |
| Total body edema | Anasarka |
| Pt. at risk for skin breakdown/already has skin breakdown implement: | PUPPI Power |
| A break or disruption in the normal integrity of the skin | Wound |
| CHI | Closed Head Injury |
| Wound where all or part of dermis is intact | Partial-thickness |
| Wound where entire dermis and sweat glands and hair follicles are severed | Full-thickness |
| Wound where the dermis & underlying sub-q fat tissue are damaged or destroyed | Complex |
| Flat mole | Macular |
| Solid elevation above skin surface (pimple, wart) | Papular Rash |
| Round mass filled w/serous fluid, or blood (chix Pox, blister) | Vesicles |
| Slow growing cancer; has depressed waxy center and translucent pearly border | Basal Cell |
| Quickly growing, firm, opaque red and irregular borders | Squamous Cell Cancer |
| Malignant tumor looks like mole with irregular border | Melanoma |
| Skin Cancer: A= B= Borders C= Color D= Diameter E= Elevated | Asymmetry |
| Skin Cancer: A= Asymmetry B= Borders C= Color D= E= Elevated | Diameter |
| Skin Cancer: A= Asymmetry B= Borders C= Color D= Diameter E= | Elevated |
| Wound Healing: Approximated edges, Intentional | Primary Intention |
| Wound Healing: Unapproximated edges, Unintentional | Secondary Intention |
| Wound Healing: Wound left open for several days for drainage, etc. | Tertiary Intention |
| Wound Healing Phase 1: Immediate, Blood clotting | Hemostatis |
| Wound Healing Phase 2: WBC's to wound | Inflammatory |
| Wound Healing Phase 3: Granulation tissue forms, regenerative phase | Proliferation |
| Wound Healing Phase 4: Collagen remodeled, Scar formation | Maturation |
| Uncontrollable bleeding | Hemorrhage |
| Collection of blood under skin | Hematoma |
| Total or partial separation of wound layers | Dehiscence |
| Protrusion of large organ through wound | Evisceration |
| A tube like passageway forms between 2 organs or from organ to outside body | Fistula |
| A wound with a localized area of tissue necrosis; decubitis ulcer, bedsore | Pressure Ulcer |
| Skin Ulcer Stages: No breakdown, visually red | Stage 1 |
| Skin Ulcer Stages: Skin is partially broken, epidermis/dermis | Stage 2 |
| Skin Ulcer Stages: Full thickness, sub-q tissue, no muscle | Stage 3 |
| Skin Ulcer Stages: Bone & muscle breakdown | Stage 4 |
| Black, thick, leathery, dead tissue | Eschar |
| Loose stringy tissue that looks white or yellow | Slough |
| Formation or growth of new healthy tissue | Granulation Tissue |
| Blanching skin over a pressure point | Ischemia |
| Drainage: clear, watery part of blood | Serous |
| Drainage: Large number of RBC's | Sanguineous |
| Drainage: mixture of serum & RBC's, pink or blood tinged | Serosanguineous |
| Drainage: WBC's, liquefied dead tissue, thick, musty, foul odor, white, green, yellow | Purulent |
| Bone building/regenerating cells | Osteoblasts |
| Cells break down bones | Osteoclasts |
| Voluntary muscle | Skeletal |
| Unconscious control muscle (hollow orgs., etc) | Smooth |
| Involuntarily controlled muscle (lungs, heart) | Cardiac |
| Attach muscle to bone | Tendons |
| Attach bone to bone | Ligaments |
| Abnormal inward curvature of spine (concave) | Lordosis |
| Side to side spinal curve | Scoliosis |
| Round outward curvature of the spine (convex) | Kyphosis |
| Decreased muscle size | Atrophy |
| A consolidation and immobilization of a joint | Ankylosis |
| Bone demineralization | Osteoporosis |
| Mouth to Anus; Lg instestine - major organ of elimination | Gastrointestinal Tract |
| Ileocecal valve to anus; Absorption of water; formation/expulsion of feces; 5' long | Large Instestine |
| Nervous system stimulates movement | Parasympathetic |
| Nervous system inhibits movement "fight or flight" | Sympathetic |
| Control passage of stool and flatus | Anal Sphincters |
| Bearing down to expel stool | Valsalva Procedure |
| Contractions or the large intestinal muscles that push waste ti intestinal tract | Peristalsis |
| Onions, beans, cabbage, cauliflower | Gas-producing foods |
| Cathartic, Laxatives, Ab's - _______ peristalsis | Increase |
| Antidiarrheal, Opioids, Antacids, Iron, Anticholingerics - _________ peristalsis | Decrease |
| Diagnostics - Direct visualization of body organs or cavities | Endoscopy |
| Metamucil | Bulk-forming |
| Colace, Pericolace | Emollient/stool softener |
| Mineral oil | Lubricant |
| Dulcolax | Stimulant |
| Fleet Enema | Saline Osmotic |
| Abnormal distention of the veins in the vertical fold of the rectum | Hemorrhoids |
| Surgical opening from the inside of the organ to the outside | Ostomy |
| Part of the mucosa that is brought out to the abdominal wall | Stoma |
| Ileum of the small intestine creates a stoma (liquid feces) | Ileostomy |
| Mucosa of the lg intestine creates stoma (formed stool) | Colostomy |
| Germ free condition or elimination of germs | Asepsis |
| Pathogenic Microorganism Reservoir Means of Escape Mode of transmission Means of entry Host susceptibility | The Infection Chain |
| Airborne, Contact, Droplet, Blood, Food, and Vector | Modes of Transmission |
| Intestinal | Enteral |
| MRSA, C-diff, VRE, MDRO | Contact |
| MDRO | Multiple Drug Resistant Organism |
| Meningitis, Chix pox, TB | Airborne |
| Diptheria, Pertussis, Strep throat, Influenza, Mumps, Rubella | Droplet |
| Hep A, Salmonella, Campylobacter, E-coli, Calicivirus | Foodborne |
| West Nile, EEE, Lyme Disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever | Vectorborne |
| Assume everyone is infected | Universal Precautions |
| PPE | Personal Protective Equipment |
| ETC | Employee Trauma Center |
| MRSA | Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus |
| VRE | Vancomycin-resistant Enterococci |
| CDAD | Clostridium difficile-associated disease |
| 1. Gown 2. Mask 3. Face Shield 4. Gloves | Donning PPE |
| 1. Gloves 2. Face Shield 3. Gown 4. Mask | Removing PPE |
| Unprocessed numbers, symbols, words - No context | Data |
| Groupings of processed data | Information |
| Meaningful info created by grouping and compiling info | Knowledge |
| Appropriate use of knowledge | Wisdom |
| Right: Patient, Med, Dose, Route, Frequency, Documentation | 6 Rights of Med Administration |
| MAR | Medication Administration Record |
| What we see | Objective data |
| What the Pt. tells you | Subjective data |
| The heat of the body measured in degrees | Body temperature |
| Regulation of body's heat | Hypothalamus |
| The temp of the deep tissues | Core Temp |
| Heat is the byproduct of chemical reactions in body cells. This process is known as: | Metabolism |
| BMR | Basal Metabolic Rate |
| The amt of energy the body uses during absolute rest in an awake state | BMR |
| Transfer of heat between 2 objects without physical contact | Radiation |
| Transfer of heat away from body by air movement | Convection |
| Transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed into a gas | Evaporation |
| Transfer of heat from 1 object to another WITH direct contact | Conduction |
| Person with normal temperature is | Afebrile |
| A body temperature above normal >101 | Pyrexia |
| A person with an increased body temp is | Febrile |
| Normal Core Temp | 97 - 100.8 degrees |
| The mean core temp is | 98 degrees |
| 97 - 100.8 degrees | Normal Core Temp |
| Temp >105.8 degrees | Hyperpyrexia |
| DEATH - core temp | 82 degrees |
| <95 degrees | Hypothermia |
| Normal HR | 60 - 100 BPM |
| 60-100 BPM | Normal HR |
| 12 - 20 bpm | Normal Resp |
| Normal Resp | 012 - 20 bpm |
| Normal BP | 100 - 119/60 -80 |
| 100-119/60-80 | Normal BP |
| Normal Systole | 100 - 119 |
| 100 - 119 | Normal Systolic |
| 60 - 80 | Normal Diastolic |
| Normal Diastolic | 60 - 80 |
| Pre-hypertension | 120-134/80-89 |
| 120-134/80-89 | Pre-hypertension |
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