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Final Review
Science
| definition/ question | term/ answer |
|---|---|
| The many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a ___ | food web |
| 2. The interactions of living and nonliving things in the environment is | ecosystem |
| __ obtain energy by breaking down wastes and recycling the remains of dead organisms. | Decomposers |
| 4. Most rain and snow comes from evaporation of ________ | lakes, streams, oceans |
| 5. The process of combining free nitrogen with other elements is called: __________ | nitrogen cycle |
| 6. A process that needs sunlight as a source of energy to make food is _________ | photosynthesis |
| A collection of organisms and the nonliving factors that affect the ocean is called a(n) | ecosystem |
| The groups of organisms most likely to contain chlorophyll are the ___ | producers |
| The place where an organism lives that provides the things the organisms needs is called its ___ | habitat |
| group of individuals of the same species that live in a certain area at a certain time. | population |
| The study of how things interact with each other and with their environment is called__ | Ecology |
| Which term refers to an environmental factor that prevents a population from increasing? | limiting factors |
| Energy enters most ecosystems from | sunlight |
| List 2 examples of producers | grass, trees wheat |
| A food chain shows | how energy moves through an ecosystem |
| Nitrogen compounds are returned to the soil through the action of | decomposition |
| A waste product of respiration that producers take in during photosynthesis is | carbon dioxide |
| The organisms that form the base of most open-ocean food webs are | producers/ algae/ plankton |
| An organism's particular role in an ecosystem is it's | niche |
| The behaviors and physical characteristics of species that allow them to live successfully in their environment are called _____ | adaptations |
| Through the food chain, ______ is transferred from producers to consumers and decomposers. | energy |
| Organisms that can make their own food are ____________________. | producers |
| Consumers that eat both plants and animals are classified as ____________________. | omnivores |
| Bacteria are ________ that obtain energy by breaking down wastes and the remains of dead organisms. | decomposers |
| Some cycles in which matter and energy interact in an ecosystem are the water cycle, the carbon and oxygen cycles, and the _______________________. | nitrogen cycle |
| things that are or were living | biotic |
| things that never lived and/or aren't living | abiotic |
| process that occurs in deep ocean waters, where sunlight doesn't penetrate in which bacteria make food from disolved sulfer compounds | chemosynthesis |
| What is the greenhouse effect? | a natural heating that occurs when certain gasses in earth's atmosphere trap heat |
| What health problems result from the greenhouse effect? | cancer and lung problems |
| What causes the greenhouse effect? | green house gasses trap sun radiation heat in atmosphere |
| What is ozone depletion? | When ozone decreases from pollution |
| What health problems result from ozone depletion | skin cancer, cateracts, and sunburn |
| What causes ozone depletion? | CFC's |
| What is acid rain and what causes it? | acid precipitation falling as rain, snow, sleet, or hail that is formed when pollutants are released into the atmosphere |
| How is groundwater polluted and what can be done to stop it? | runoff from factories by the water and smoke that the factories put out |
| What is point source pollution? | pollution that enters water from a specific location and can be controlled or treated before entering water |
| What is non-point source pollution? | pollution that enters water from a large area and cannot be traced to a single location |
| What is a pollutant? | anything that harms the environment |
| Thepositions of the constellations appear tochange throughout the yearbecause __ | spin of the earth |
| About 90% of the stars in space are ___ stars | main sequence |
| A main sequence star becomes a ____ afterit uses up the hydrogenin its core. | red giant |
| Describe our sun. | medium temperature, average, yellow, main sequence |
| A galaxy that has a shape similar to a football is a (n) __ galaxy | elliptical |
| Describe the Milky Way Galaxy. | barred spiral, 100,000 light years across and 15,000 light years high, 200 billion stars |
| A __________________ is a region so dense that nothing, including light, can escape its gravity field. | black hole |
| A group of stars, gas, and dust held together by gravity is a _______________. | galaxy |
| A sequence of star colors from hottest to coolest is ________________________________. | blue/blue white, white, yellow, orange, red |
| _____ are patterns of stars in the sky. | constilations |
| A measure of the amount of the light given off by a star is its ___________________________. | absolute magnitude |
| A measure of the amount of light received on Earth is a star's _______ | apparent magnitude |
| ___ is the apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from two locations. | parallax |
| A star begins as a _________________________, a large cloud of gas and dust. | nebula |
| The Sun produces energy by forming ________________________ in its core. | helium |
| Our Sun is considered average because its temperature and absolute magnitude place it in the __________________________________ range of the H-R diagram. | main sequence star |
| The _________________________________ states that between 15 and 20 billion yrs ago, the universe began expanding out of an enormous explosion. | big bang theory |
| A red shift in the spectrum of the light from an object indicates the object is moving ___________ you. | away from |
| The range of electromagnetic waves placed in a certain order is called the _________ | electromagnetic spectrum |
| Visible light can be separated into the various colors of the visible spectrum to form a (n) __________ | rainbow/ spectrum |
| An instrument used to view different colors of light produced by each type of light bulb is called a (n) __ | spectrascope |
| The life cycle of a star depends on its _________________________. | mass |
| List the pieces of evidence for the Big Bang theory. | (1) everything is redshifting, (2) cosmic background radiation, (3) quasars- oldest object in the universe |
| What is a light-year? Why do we use it to measure distances in space? | distance light can travel in a year, we need it to measure large distances in space |
| 1. A _______________ is part of the DNA code on a chromosome. | gene |
| A _________________ is the combination of the organism’s genetic makeup and the environment’s effect on that makeup. | phenotype |
| The study of ____________ is called genetics | heredity |
| What do scientists today call the factors that control traits? | genes |
| 5. What are the different forms of genes called? _____ | alleles |
| What does the notation TT mean to geneticists? __________________ | dominant (homozygus) |
| What does the notation tt mean to geneticists? | recessive (homozygus) |
| What does the notation Tt mean to geneticist? | Dominant (heterozygus) |
| What does a punntett square show? | probabliity of the outcome for offspring |
| What is an organism's physical appearance called? | phenotype |
| What do we call the genetic makeup? | genotype |
| The organism that has two identical alleles for a trait is: | homozygus |
| A heterozygus organism has ___ alleles | different |
| A homozygus organism has __ alleles | same |
| A mutation is any change in a ___ or ___ | gene or chromosome |
| When the last individual of a species dies, that species is considered __ | extinct |
| Mendel developed the principle of independent ____________ to understand how traits are passed through the generations | assortment |
| Define natural selection | whichever animal survives the best with certain adaptations |
| What is an adaptation? | something that helps an animal survive better in its environment |
| An organism can not survive and reproduce in its environment without | adaptations |
| traits are an organism's | physical characteristics |
| What are alleles? | forms of a gene |
| A mutation is harmful to an organism if it | hurts its chances of surviving |
| What is the major cause of extinction today? | habitat destruction |
| Behavioral adaptation is: | things that organisms do to survive |
| The youngest rocks are found where on the ocean floor? | mid ocean ridge |
| 2. Where do you find evidence of plate movement? ____ | boundries |
| What evidence was found on different continents that helped prove continental drift _____ | fossils, same climate |
| What is the idea called that said the continents have moved over time? ________ | continental drift |
| At what boundaries do plates move apart? ___ | divergant |
| At what boundaries do plates move towards each other? ___ | convergant |
| At what boundaries do plates side past each other? ____ | transform |
| Why did people not believe in continental drift? __ | evidence wasn't enough to convince people |
| What is the name of the giant landmass before the continents drifted? _________ | pangea |
| What causes seafloor spreading? ___ | convection currents |
| How fast do many continents move in a year? __ | 1-2 inches a year |
| What happens when two continents collide? | Mountains |
| What forms when two ocean plates collide? | island arcs, trenches |
| What forms when an ocean and a continental plate collide? | trenches, volcanoes |
| Who thought of the idea for continental drift? | Alfred Wegenr |
| What is the newer theory called the adds in convection current movement and ocean floor spreading? | plate tectonics |
| How do sedimentary rocks form? | sediments pressed and cemented together |
| How do igneous rocks form? | hot magma cools and hardens |
| how do metamorphic rocks form? | when heat, pressure, or fluids act on igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rocks. |
| What is a wave? | rythmic disturbance that carries energy, not matter |
| What is a medium? | line the wave travels through |
| What is the highest part of a wave? | crest |
| What is the lowest part of a wave? | trough |
| Define a transverse wave | type of mechanical wave in which the wave causes matter in the medium to move up and down, back and forth, at right angles to the direction the wave travels |
| Define a longitudinal wave. | exact same as transverse wave |
| What is the wavelength? | distance from one crest to another crest, or one trough to another trough |
| Sound is a __ wave | compressional |
| Sound waves do not travel through | a vaccum |
| Describe electromagnetic waves. | waves that don't need matter to carry energy |
| What is the speed of light? | 3X (10 to the 9th power) meters per second |
| Color of the light wave is detemined by: | frequency of the lightwave/ wavelength |
| Rarefaction: | particles spread apart |
| What is a compression? | compressing, going together |
| What is a reflection? | When a wave strikes an object or surface and bounces off. |
| Define amplitude | height of wave starting from medium |
| What is the frequency of a wave? | how fast it goes, # of waves per second |
Created by:
cococutie428
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