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biology-matthew
midterm 1-3chapter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Endoplasmic reticulum | moves materials with cells |
| nucleus | controls cell activities |
| cytoskeleton | provides structure for animal cell |
| chromosomes | carry the code that controls a cell |
| ribosome | where proteins are made |
| cell membrane | controls movement of materials into and out of cell |
| cytoplasm | gel-like substance |
| mitochondria | releases energy; powerhouse of cell |
| Golgi bodies | packages & moves materials |
| cell wall | provides shape & support for plant cells |
| vacuole | stores water & dissolved materials |
| chloroplast | contains chlorophyll, which traps light used in making food |
| lysosome | recycles old cell parts |
| prokaryote | primitive cell |
| organelle | structures that perform a specific function in a cell. |
| prokaryotic cell | prokaryotic cell |
| eukaryotic cell | a cell with a nucleus |
| nucleus | nucleus |
| vesicle | transports materials throughout the cell |
| vacuole | Fluid filled sac used for storage |
| Lysosome | Breaks down worn out cellparts and defends the cell from invaders |
| Centriole | Divides DNA during cell division |
| Cell wall | Provides shape and support for the cell |
| Chloroplast | Converts solar energy into chemical energy through photosynthesis |
| Ribosomes | Link amino acids together to form proteins |
| Nucleous | The storehouse for most of the genetic information or DNA |
| Virchou | Proposed that all cells come from other cells |
| Schwann | Concluded that all living things are made of cells |
| Schleiden | Schleiden |
| Leeuwenhoek | Made better lenses and observed cells in greater detail |
| Hooke | Hooke |
| Part three of cell theory | The cell is the most basic unit of life. |
| Part two of cell theory | All existing cells are produced by other living cells |
| Part one of cell theory | All organisms are made of cells |
| All organisms are made of cells | Link amino acids together to form proteins |
| Link amino acids together to form proteins | Cell wall and Chloroplasts |
| The structure of the cell membrane | Bilayer phospholipids with proteins and carbs inbedded. |
| Phospholipid | A molecule composed of a charged phosophate group, glycerol, and two fatty acid chains. |
| control group | does not get experinmental variable. |
| classify | organize and arrange data so that relationships can be seen. |
| verify | repeating experiments to make sure the answer is correct |
| science | man's observations of the physical world; must be measurable, observable, and repeatable. |
| observation | information that a person has gained by using one or more of the five senses. |
| Two example of passive transport | Diffusion and Osmosis |
| Diffusion and Osmosis | The difference in the concentration of a substance from one location to another |
| How particles move in passive transport: | From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
| Facilitated diffusion: | Helps molecules that cannot directly cross the cell membrane. |
| Transport protein: | Uses chemical energy to move larger substances across the cell membrane. |
| Isotonic: | Equal concentration of solutes |
| Hypertonic | Greater concentration of solutes |
| Hypotonic: | Lower concentration of solutes |
| Endocytosis: | The process of taking liquids or fairly large molecules into a cell by engulfing them in a membrane |
| Exocytosis: | Releases substances out of a cell by fusion |
| Phagocytosis: | Eats a whole cell. |
| Reason facilitated diffusion requires no energy from the cell: | Reason facilitated diffusion requires no energy from the cell: |
| Laid the ground work for all biological research | Laid the ground work for all biological research |
| reactant | substance that is changed by a chemical reaction. |
| product | substance forming by a chemical reaction |
| bond energy | is the amount of energy that will break a bond between two atoms. |
| equilibrium | equilibrium is reach when both the reactant and product are made at the same rate. |
| activation energy | is the amount of energy that needs to be absorbed for a chemical reaction to start. |
| exothermic | chemical reaction that requires a net release of energy |
| endothermic | chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy |
| enzyme | protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms |
| Hooke | first to identify and name cells |
| Leeuwenhoek | first to observe and describe living cells |
| Schleiden | observed that plants were made of cells |
| Schwann | stated that all living things are made of cells |
| Virchow | stated all existing cells came from other cells |
| atom | The smallest basic unit of matter. |
| element | one particular type of atom and can not be broken down into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means |
| compound | compound |
| ion | an atom that has gained or lost one or more electrons |
| ionic bond | ionic bond |
| covalent bond | covalent bond |
| solution | mixture that is consistent throughout |
| acid | compound that donates a proton (H+) when dissolved in a solution |
| base | compound that accepts a proton (H+) when dissolved in a solution |
| pH | measurement of acidity |
| exothermic | chemical reaction that requires a net release of energy |
| endothermic | chemical reaction that requires a net input of energy |
| enzyme | protein that catalyzes chemical reactions for organisms |
| chromatin | DNA bound to protein and contained in the nucleus of the cell |
| ribosomes | ribosomes |
| experimental | experimental |
| survey | a method of collecting data that determines how common or rare particular observations are |
| data | recorded information obtained in an experiment or survey |
| hypothesis | an educated guess |
| scientific method | an organized way of arriving at a workable solution to a problem |
Created by:
dtoothfairy
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