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dexter biology sem 1
sophomore bio 1st semester
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| two types of cells | eukaryote and prokaryote |
| 4 things found in all types of cells | cytoplasm, cell membrane, genetice molecules(DNA & RNA), ribosomes |
| 2 reasons cells are small | intracellular movement & Surface area/volume ratio |
| who first saw life with a microscope | Leewenhoek |
| who first saw cells with a microscope | hooke |
| name the 3 researchers credited with the cell theory | shwan, schleiden, virchow |
| 3 parts of the cell theory | 1) all living things are made out of cells 2) cells come from other cells 3) cell is the basic unit of life |
| 3 cell membranes | receptor, channel, marker |
| receptor's job | allows info into the cell |
| channel's job | allows nutrients and waste into and out of the cell |
| marker's job | tells the body what cell it is |
| 3 types of cytoskeleton fibers and the protein they're made of | microfilaments --> actin; intermediate microfilaments-->keratin; microtubules-->tubulin |
| 2 macromolecules that make up the cell membranes | lipids and proteins |
| 3 components of a phospholipid | glycerol molecule, phosphate head, 2 fatty acid tails |
| 3 structures found in plant cells but not in animal cells | chloroplasts, cell wall, central vacuole |
| 3 reactants for photosynthesis reaction | (6)carbon dioxide, (6)water, light energy |
| 2 products of photosynthesis reaction | (6) glucose, (6) oxygens |
| fluid of the miochondria | matrix |
| fluid of the nucleus | nucleoplasm |
| fluid of the chloroplast | stroma |
| fluid of the cytoplasm | cytosol |
| fluid that surrounds the outside of the cell | extracellular fluid (interstitial fluid) |
| potassium cation | K+ |
| hydroxide | OH- |
| sodium cation | Na+ |
| carbonate | CO3-2 |
| nitrate | NO3-1 |
| intracellular membrans wih no ribosomes; detoxifies drugs and poisons | SER |
| transfers energy from glucose to ATP | mitochondria |
| has cristae and its own DNA and ribosomes | mitochondria |
| flattened stacked membranous sacs that finish newly produced molecules and address and send them to vesicles... | golgi apparatus |
| use sunlight to from glucose | chloroplasts |
| large fluid filled organelle | vacuoles |
| special vesicle containing strong digestive enzyme | lysosomes |
| double membrane bound organelle that holds genetic material | nucleus |
| network of protein fibers | cytoskeleton |
| cells outer bondary | cell membrane |
| rigid outrmost layer of plant cells made out of cellulose | cell wall |
| everything inside the cell membrane except genetic material | cytoplasm |
| specialized well defined areas in eukaryotic cells that do one special job for the cell | organelles |
| makes new proteins for the cell | ribosomes |
| another name for the membrane that surrounds the nucleus (not membrane) | nuclear envelope |
| 2 major types of transport of molecules | active and passive |
| 2 criteria that membrane proteins use to recognize molecules and ions | shape and charge |
| 4 types of passive transport | diffusion, osmosis, filtration, facilitated diffusion |
| 4 types of active transport | H+ pump, NA+-K+ pump, endocytosis, exocytosis |
| 2 types of facilitators | carrier proteins, ? |
| 2 types of endocytosis | phagocytosis, pinocytosis |
| dissolve 24 g of MgCl2 in 400 ml of water, name the solvent; name the solute | water; magnesium chloride |
| a difference in concentration across a membrane is called a _________ | concentration gradient |
| 2 characteristics found in all osmosis situations are: | only water moves, membrane |
| the energy molecule that fuels active transport | ATP |
| ATP is what type of macromolecule? | nucleic acid |
| 3 specific components of ATP | ribose sugar, 3 phosphate groups, adenine ring |
| adenine ring + ribose sugar = ______ | adenosine |
| a compound that is sometimes concentrated and stored in vacuoles | glucose |
| another name for the H+ pump | proton pump |
| 2 types of channel proteins that use ATP | H+ pump, Na+-K+ pump |
| process was performed when secretion vesicle moved from golgi to the cell membrane | exocytosis |
| types of passive transport only use random molecular movement | diffusion |
| first step in pothosynthesis pathway | capturing light |
| second step in photosynthesis pathway | converting to chemical energy |
| light energy is called | electromagnetic radiation |
| the little packets of light energy are called | photons |
| the collectors of light energy are called __________ molecules | pigment |
| pigment molecules are found where in the plant cells | thylakoid membranes |
| fluid inside the chloroplst | stroma |
| photosynthesis I produces | NADPH |
| photosynthesis II produces | ATP |
| what kind of macromolecule collects light energy? | lipid |
| the reaction center molecule is always ________ | chlorophyll A |
| what kind of macromolecule is RuBP | carbohydrate |
| what is the name of the double duty channel protein that works in photosynthesis II? | ATP synthase |
| which photosynthesis has the proton pump? | photosynthesis II P680 |
| what do we add to ADP to make ATP? | phosphate group and energy |
| what do we call the process of adding energy and a phosphate to ADP? | chemiosmosis |
| the first step of cellular respiration | glycolysis |
| the starting molecule in cellular respiration | glucose |
| write the oxidative respiration reaction | C6H2O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (38ATP & heat) |
| how many O2 molecules to produce 5 ATP | 30 |
| how many glucose molecules are produced if 48 CO2 are produced | 8 |
| how many carbons in oxaloacetate | 4 |
| how many carbons in pyruvate | 3 |
| how many carbons in glucose | 6 |
| how many carbons in CO2 | 1 |
| acetyl group | 2 |
| list 4 nucleic acids used in cellular respiration | ATP, NADH, FADH, CoA |
Created by:
kcshiker
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