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Chapter 2
Earth Sci Systems
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Open System | a system in which both energy and matter are exchanged with the surroundings |
| Closed System | a system in which energy, but not matter, is exchanged with the surroundings |
| Hydrosphere | the portion of the Earth that is water |
| atmosphere | a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet or moon |
| geosphere | mostly, solid, rocky part of the Earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust |
| biosphere | where life exists on earth, includes all living organisms |
| Compositional Structure of the Earth | crust, mantle, core (inner and outer) |
| Nitrogen Cycle | nitrogen moving from air to soil, from soil to plants and animals, and back to the air again |
| Carbon Cycle | the movement of carbon through Earth's four spheres |
| Phosphorus Cycle | Phosphorus moves through every sphere except the atmosphere, because phosphorus is rarely a gas |
| Water Cycle | movement of water from the atmosphere, to the Earth's surface, and back to the atmosphere |
| Ecosystem | a community of organisms and their non-living environment, responding to environmental changes by returning to a balanced state |
| photosynthesis | this is where the transfer of energy throughout an ecosystem begins. (sunlight to plant chloroplasts) |
| reservoir | a place where matter or energy is stored |
| Sources of energy in the Earth System | sun, internal convection(earth's core), gravity |
| 1st Law of Thermodynamics | Energy is transferred between systems, but it cannot be created or destroyed. |
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Amatulli Science
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