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Genetics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who is known as the father of genetics? | Gregor Mendel |
| What do we call the study of heredity? | Genetics |
| What do we call a section of a chromosome that has the code for the making of a specific protein? | a gene |
| What are 3 reasons why peas were a good choice for Mendel's experiments? | Peas are self-fertilizing, produce many seeds, and are easy to manipulate. |
| What do we call alternate forms of a trait? | an allele |
| Which kind of trait does the letter 'B' represent? | the dominant trait |
| Between dominant & recessive traits, which do you need to inherit only one allele to 'see' the trait? | the dominant trait |
| Which trait can be hidden? | the recessive trait |
| We inherit how many alleles for every trait? | 2 alleles; one from the mother & one from the father |
| What do we call the alleles that are inherited for a trait? For example, Bb. | the genotype |
| What do we call the physical expression of a trait, ie. what you 'see'? | the phenotype |
| What is another term for homozygous? | purebred or true breeding |
| What is another term for heterozygous? | hybrid |
| Using the letter b, what is homozygous recessive? | bb |
| Using the letter b, what is homozygous dominant? | BB |
| Using the letter b, what is heterozygous? | Bb |
| What does homozygous mean? | two alleles the same; bb or BB |
| What does heterozygous mean? | one of each kind of allele; Bb |
| What term refers to the transfer of pollen from the male flower to the female flower? | pollination |
| What term refers to the union of the sperm with the egg or the pollen with the ovule? | fertilization |
| Which Law of Mendel's states that organisms inherit 2 copies of genes, one from each parent, and organisms donate only one copy of their gametes because genes separate during gamete formation? | Law of Independent Assortment |
| Which Law of Mendel's states that allele pairs separate from each other when gametes are made. | Law of Segregation |
| What do we call the mating between organisms that involves only one pair of contrasting traits? | a Monohybrid cross |
| How many traits are different in a Dihybrid cross? | 2 traits |
| What tool do we use to determine the possible gene combinations from a mating and the possibility for each? | the Punnett square |
| What does the prefix 'homo-' mean? | same |
| What does the prefix 'hetero-' mean? | different |
| What does the prefix 'pheno-' mean? | physical, appearance |
| What does the prefix 'geno-' mean? | race |
| What does the prefix 'hered-' mean? | inherit |
| What does the suffix '-zygous' mean? | join together |
| In guinea pigs, the allele for brown eye color (B) is dominant over the allele for blue eye color (b). What percentage of offspring would be blue-eyed for a cross between a heterozygous animal & an animal homozygous recessive for eye color? | 50% of the offspring would be blue-eyed |
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