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Exam 2 micro
final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| About principles of transcription regulation, enzymes can be classified according to characteristics of regulation. Which is wrong? | Repressible enzymes are routinely synthesized and generally found in energy-harvesting pathways |
| How does synthesis of the lagging strand differ from that of the leading strand? | Leading strand is synthesized CONTINUOUSLY as the DNA polymerase moves towards the replication fork Lagging strand is synthesized DISCONTINUOUSLY in pieces as DNA polymerase moves away from the replication fork |
| E. coli does not require vitamin E in the medium in which it grows. This is because E. coli | can synthesize vitamin E from the simple compounds provided in the medium.. |
| E. coli, a facultative anaerobe, is grown on the same solid medium, but under two different conditions: one aerobic, the other anaerobic. The size of the colonies that grow would be | larger when grown under aerobic conditions |
| Commercial canning processes are designed to ensure destruction of which of the following? | Endospores of Clostridium botulinum |
| Which of the following statements is false concerning enzymes? They | Convert coenzymes to products. |
| You conducted Voges-Proskauer test on the fecal samples from a child with diarrhea. The result was negative. But Methyl-red test was positive. The child was likely to be infected with | E. coli |
| Unlike the disinfectant, an antiseptic | is nontoxic enough to be used on human tissues |
| In general, bacteria in nature, compared with growth in the laboratory. | grow more slowly because the growth conditions in nature are less optimal. |
| Which of the following is not coenzyme? | Lactose |
| Allolactose induces the lac regulon by binding to a(n) | Repressor |
| Which of following is most resistant to destruction by chemicals or heat | Bacterial endospore |
| If there are 10^3 cells per ml in the middle of log phase, and generation time of cells 60 minutes, how many cells will there be 3 hours later? Growth can be calculated | 8 x 10^3 |
| The major effect of a temperature of 60 C on a mesophile includes | denaturing proteins. |
| Prokaryotes can be divided based on oxygen requirements; which is wrong? | Facultative anaerobes: Grow better with oxygen, but can not use fermentation in absence of oxygen. |
| Cells are most sensitive to penicillin during which phase of growth curve? | log phase |
| Streptomyces cells would most likely synthesize antibiotics during which phase(s) of growth curve? | Stationary; late log phase |
| About the tandem photosystems of Cyanobacteria and chloroplasts, which of the following is matched? | Photosystem II – oxygen generation – proton motive force |
| About bacterial biofilms, which is wrong? | Treatment is not so difficult because attached bacterial can be eliminated by immune response and antimicrobials |
| If you are a medical biosafety officer and want to select an antimicrobial procedures, which of following you think is wrong? | Syringe needles are semicritical that can have bacillius |
| What antimicrobial methods you would not consider using against Anthrax endospores? | Boiling and Pasteurization and Alcohols |
| You are working for the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and asked to evaluate the protocols used to control microbes on various materials. Which one is wrong? | Irradiation of pork products may render the meat radioactive |
| E.coli is present in a liquid sample at a concentration of between 104 and 106 bacteria per ml. To determine the precise number of living bacteria in the sample, it would be best to | Plate out an appropriate dilution of the sample on nutrient agar. |
| Ultraviolet light kills bacteria primarily by | cross-linking thymines in DNA. |
| All the following are involved in transcription EXCEPT: | |
| You, a FBI officer, come to a scene of bacterial weapons of mass destruction. Many heat-sensitive instruments and paper files were contaminated. Which would you choose for control? | Ethylene oxide. |
| If a spoon has 107 of a certain microbe on its surface and you treat it with a germicide that has a D value of 10 minutes, it will take ____ minutes to sterilize the spoon. | 70 at least |
| Which of these pathways has the potential to produce the most ATP? | TCA cycle |
| A patient having gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, visited your clinic. What types of media would you use to isolate the pathogen? | Thayer-Martin agar |
| Ther is one protein for translation in the following: | Elongation factor |
| Bacterial respiration and photosynthesis, though similar in many aspects, differ essentially in | oxygen production |
| Using the promoter depicted here, which will be the template for the RNA transcript? 5’ CCGTTACGTATTC 3’ Promoter 3’ GGCAATGCATAAG 5’ | 5’ CCGTTACGTATTC 3’ |
| Using the promoter depicted here, what will be the likely sequence of the RNA transcript? 5’ AAGTTACGTAGGC 3’ Promoter 3’ TTCAATGCATCCG 5’ | 5’ GCCUACGUAACUU 3’ |
| With a ribosome binding to the following mRNA to start translation, what are the first codon and the encoding amino acid that will be incorporated into the resulting polypeptide (Use the Table of codons above)? 5’ GCCGGAAUGCUGCUGGC 3’ | AUG and methionine. |
| Based on the mRNA, when translation has already started upstream, what are the first three amino acids that will be incorporated into the resulting polypeptide (See the Table of codons above)? | Glycine, glycine, methionine. |
| A patient complaining infectious diarrhea. What types of media would you use to isolate the pathogen | MacConhey agar |
| Which of the following is NOT characteristic of eukaryotic gene expression? | The mRNA is often polycistronic. |
| You conducted Voges-Proskauer test on the fecal samples from a child with diarrhea. The result was positive. The child was likely to be infected with | Klebsiella or Enterobacter |
| About central dogma of molecular biology, which of the following statements is FALSE? | DNA replication is not conservative because genetic information must be fully copied. |
| Non-competitive inhibition of enzymes involves | Feedback inhibition or allosteric inhibition |
| Compared with aerobic respiration, which is wrong about anaerobic respiration in prokaryotes? | Oxygen can be used as terminal electron acceptor |
| The proton motive force can be used for the following EXCEPT | Membrane transport of water |
| Under which of the flowing conditions will transcription of lac operon occur? | Lactose present/glucose absent |
| In the TCA cycle, the carbon atoms contained in acetate are converted into | CO2 |
| One of the following is involved in transcription: | Promotor |
| Which would you like to choose? | All wrong. |
| The major pathway(s) of central metabolism are | Glycolysis, TCA cycle, and pentose pathway. |
| Which of following about gene expression in bacteria is FALSE? | Translation starts at intron. |
| A soil sample is placed in liquid and the number of bacteria in the sample determined in two ways (1) by colony count and (2) by counting the cells in a counting chamber (slide). How would the results be compared? | Many more bacteria would be estimated by method 2 |
| In the end of gasoline-based civilization, you have to develop new fuel. Which of the following microorganisms would produce the end-products that can be used as biofuel? | Saccharomyces; Clostridium |
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