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WFU Fall 2011 Bio114

Final Exam

QuestionAnswer
Mycelium multicellular fungus composed of rapidly growing individual tubular filaments called hyphae
Arbuscular mycorrizae fungal hyphae enter the root and form arbuscular (treelike) structures
Strigolactones secreted by plant roots; stimulates rapid growth of fungal hyphae towards the root
Haustoria invade the host and tap into the vascular tissues in the root or stem
Holoparasites completely parasitic, do not perform photosynthesis
Ectomycorrizae fungal hyphae wrap around the root but do not penetrate the cells
Budding new individual forms from teh bodies of older animals
Regeneration can replace damaged tissue or form a complete individual
Parthenogenesis development of offspring from an unfertilized egg
Gameosis produces haploid gametes through meitotic cell division
Spawning/mating brings gametes together
Fertilization fusing of gametes
Prostaglandins responsible for pain; dilates blood vessels and interacts with nerve endings
Histamine leads to itching and allergic reactions
Cytokines soluble signaling proteins released by many cell types
Lymphocytes include B cells and T cells, are smaller than phagocytes and are not phagocytitic
Cork cambium produces waxy-walled protective cells
Ionotropic receptors same protein detects and allows/disallows ions
Metabotropic receptors influence proteins which then will influence gates
Gibberellins regulate fruit growth; diffuse through endosperm to surrounding tissue called the aleurone layer
Cytokinin delays senescence
Bassinosteroids elongates cells except root elongation
Phototropin takes in blue light causing phototropism
Zeaxanthin blue light receptor, has to do w/ the light induced opening of the stomata
Elicitors chemicals that trigger plant defenses
Phytoalexins general antibiotics produced by the infected plant that are toxic to many fungi and bacteria
Xerophytes plants adapted to dry environments
Halophytes plants adapted to saline conditions
Corpus Luteum created when egg released from the ovaries
Effector cells/plasma cells carry out the attack on the antigen
Memory cells can create effector/plasma cells on short notice
Bulk flow flow of water and dissolved solutes driven by a gradient of pressure potential over long distances in xylem and phloem
Created by: browhe11
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