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Unit 4 Weather
Ms. Ruggiero
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why is the air pressure lower at the top of a mountain than at the bottom? | -There is less air above you because your column of air is shorter and also includes less air molecules considering that the highest density of molecules is near to sea level. |
| What is air pressure? | -The amount of force per area |
| Why does the wind blow toward the beach from the ocean in the afternoon but the opposite way at night? | Land absorbs heat quicker and to higher temp than water so in the day air above land will be heated and rise so air from the ocean must come and fill in where air used to be creating wind from ocean-> land. At night the ocean retains heat- opposite affect |
| Why does air exert pressure on the surface of earth? | -gas has mass so the weight of all those air molecules exert pressure on earths surface |
| How is air pressure measured? | -By a barometer, for a toricelli barometer it will then be in inches of mercurcy and for the modern Aneroid barometer it will be measure in millibars |
| What are the four factors that affect air pressure? | -Altitude, temperature, amount of water vapor, and being able to lift/rise on its own. |
| As altitude increases what does air pressure do? why? | -decrease, because there will be a smaller and less dense column of air above you. |
| As temp increases what does air pressure do? why? | -decrease, because as they warm the air molecules will spread out and rise so as to limit pressure. |
| As the amount of water vapor in the air increases what does air pressure do? why? | -decrease, because even though moisture in the air may seem heavy to us on earth, in the atmosphere it is actually one of the lighter materials so it reduces pressure. remember that this is COUNTER-INTUITIVE |
| As air lifts/rises on its own what does air pressure do? why? | -decrease, because when the motion of air molecules is upward than there is less pressure on the surface. |
| How is wind caused? | -As a result of difference in pressure, air molecules flow from areas of high pressure to low. |
| What is the speed of wind dependent on? | -”pressure gradient”, or how high the difference in pressure is |
| What do H’s and L’s on a weather map stand for? | -The high and low pressure |
| What kind of weather would be associated with H? L? | -High pressure would mean sun and moderate conditions and low pressure would be moisture and rain, sometimes even storms. |
| What do the “birdies” on a map represent? and what about their feathers? | -they represent the direction that the wind is blowing and the more “feathers” there are, the higher the speed of the wind |
| From what direction would easterly winds be coming from? | -FROM the east TO the west |
| What are the sources of water vapor? | -condensation and precipitation |
| What percentage of the atmosphere is water vapor? | -0-4 %, but is very important nonetheless |
| What one place does all water eventually go? | -The atmosphere, but the atmo cannot hold that much of it at a time |
| What does the process of changing state require? | -energy to be transferred as a form of heat |
| What is latent heat? and what is it measured in? | -it is a non temperature changing kind of heat, and is measured in joules or calories |
| what is evaporation? | -liquid to gas process |
| what is the latent heat of vaporization? | -when energy absorbed by water molecules during evaporation is from latent heat |
| what is condensation? | -gas to liquid state |
| what must happen for condensation to occur? | water molecules must release their stored heat energy (latent heat) |
| What does this released energy cause? | -violent weather and transfer heat from oceans to the poles |
| what is sublimation? | -conversion of a solid directly to a gas without liquid stage |
| What is deposition? | -direct process of a water vapor to a solid |
| What is humidity? | -the general amount of water vapor in the air |
| What is saturation? | -when the air cannot hold all of the water vapor in it |
| What is the difference in saturation between warm and cool air? | -warm air contains more water vapor than cool air. |
| What is relative humidity? | -ratio of actual water vapor content compared to the amount of water vapor air can hold at that temp and pressure |
| In what 2 ways can relative humidity be changed? | -by adding or removing water vapor (evaporation) or by changing the temperature |
| When water-vapor content of air remains constant what does lowering air temp cause? | -an increase in relative humidity, where as a raising of air temp would decrease relative humidity |
| What is dewpoint? | -the temp to which a parcel of air would need to be cooled to reach saturation |
| What type of air would have a high dewpoint? low dewpoint? | -high=moist and low=dry |
| what do you use to measure relative humidity? | -hygrometer |
| If there is a larger difference in temp on the thermometer of a psychrometer (type of hygrometer) what happens to the relative humidity? | -it decreases |
| What is the instrument that measures pressure called? | -a barometer |
| If you made a barometer out of a glass jar and a balloon how would it work? | -Overall, with more pressure outside of the jar the balloon will go down but with low pressure the balloon will go up. |
| What are the 6 phases of the water cycle? | Evaporation, condensation, precipitation, run off, infiltration, and transpiration |
| What 2 things drive the water cycle? | -sun and gravity |
| Is there more or less run off water today and why? | -more today because of all the paved surfaces so less water is absorbed into the land. |
| What percent of all water is stored in the ocean? ice? ground? | -97%=ocean, 2% =ice, and 1%=ground water |
| What creates the difference between a solid, liquid and gas? | -the amount of energy in the molecules constitutes what state something is |
| On a molecular level, why must heat be added to cause water to evaporate? | -it bonds or breaks atoms together to give them energy |
| What is the difference between exothermic/endothermic reactions? | -exothermic is when atoms give off energy and endothermic is when they take in energy |
| What are the 6 processes of phase change in water and what do they do? | -deposition (water vapor-> ice), melting (ice -> liquid water), condensation (water vapor -> liquid water), sublimation (ice ->water vapor), evaporation (liquid water -> water vapor), and freezing (liquid water -> ice) |
| what is an example of sublimation? | -in a freezer box when ice directly turns into cold water vapor |
| What are the 5 things that water vapor affects? | -precipitation, pressure, humidity, cloud formation, and temperature range. |
| what is the difference between relative and specific humidity? | -specific humidity is the given amount of water vapor in the air measured in g or kg bt relative humidity is the amount of water vapor/capacity in the air and is dependent on temperature. |
| what is the equation to find relative humidity? | -relative humidity = the specific humidity/ how much the air can hold and then multiplied by 100. |
| What is standard air pressure at Earth's surface? in millibars and inches of mercury units.. | 1013.2 millibars and 29.92 inches |
| What is the wind direction in a cyclone? | into it |
| what is the win direction in an anticyclone/ | out of it |
Created by:
korinna.garfield
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