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Pharmmidterm
Study Guide for midterm
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| harmful effects of aspirin | GI upset, heartburn, n, v, anorexia, GI bleeding, Reye's syndrome(in children with viral illness), irreversible effects on platelets causing inhibition of platelet aggregation |
| drug reactions to aspirin | hypersensitivity, prolonged bleeding times, Reye's syndrome, salicylism |
| salicylism | dizziness, tinnitus, impaired hearing, nausea, vomiting, flushing, sweating, rapid, deep breathing, tachycardia, diarrhea, mental confusion, lassitude, drowsiness, respiratory depression, and coma |
| Dilantin toxic reactions | slurred speech, ataxia, lethargy, dizziness, n, v, (increased drug toxicity with antifungal use) |
| drug tolerance | decreased response to a drug |
| nursing interventions and reactions for Sulfadiazine | if one or more adverse reactions, withhold drug and notify PHCP |
| Azulfidine nursing interventions | orange-yellow urine is normal, no intervention needed, take with food |
| Geriatric and fear of incontinence | teach patient when to take fluids to maintain continence and decrease risk of crystal formation |
| Sulfonamide photosensitivity | wear protective clothing and sunscreen |
| oral anticoagulants in lieu of meds | prolonged bleeding |
| oral thrush nursing interventions | treat with oral solutions, swish, gargle, swallow, take lozenges |
| bloody stools while on meds | occult blood test |
| Cephalosporin uses | infections caused by bacteria: respiratory, otitis media, bone/joint infections, genitourinary tract; also used during perioperative period |
| Cephalosporin and penicillin and allergic reactions | about 10% of people allergic to PCN are also allergic to Cephalosprin drug |
| nursing interventions and ceftibuten | not to be taken with food (1 hour before and 2 hours after meals) |
| symptoms of superinfections | diarrhea, bleeding, fever, cramps, thrush, yeast, systemic reactions |
| hypersensitivity in cephalosporins | mild to life-threatening, pruritis, urticaria, skin rashes |
| tetracycline and antacids | decreased effectiveness of tetracycline |
| tetracycline and pregnancy | decreased effectiveness of contraceptives; category D: toxic to fetus |
| teaching for tetracycline | avoid exposure to sun, take without food, do not take with calcium (dairy products) |
| macrolides and diarrhea | inspect for blood or mucus |
| adverse reactions and demeclocycline | seems to cause the most serious photosensitivity reaction |
| tetracycline and pregnancy | decreased effectiveness of contraceptives, category D, toxic to fetus |
| adverse reactions and daptomycin | n, d, constipation, rash, vein irritation, headache, dizziness, insomnia |
| lab tests and anti-infectives | culture and sensitivity test before first dose |
| linezolid and tyramine | risk of severe hypertension |
| drugs that interact with daptomycin | statin drugs(cholesterol reduction): myopathy with elevated CPK levels |
| adverse reactions of quinupristin and VRE | vein inflammation, n, v, d |
| nursing care while receiving vancomycin | administer over 60 minutes, closely monitor infusion rate and BP, stop and notify PHCP if complications like Redman syndrome |
| patient teaching while on antimalarials | follow dosage schedule exactly, family members and playmates may need tx |
| interventions and pinworm | change and wash linen and underwear frequently; wash hands after meals and after personal care, follow up with stool samples |
| interventions and amebiasis | caution when handling stool, monitor I&O's, and weight, clean linen and clothes |
| patient instructions regarding quinine | do not take with coumadin |
| adverse reactions of pyrantel | anorexia, n, v, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, serious rash |
| contraindicated patients and anthelmintics | hypersensitivity, pregnancy |
| adverse reactions and estazolam | headache, heartburn, n, v, palpitations, rash, somnolence, weakness, body and joint pain |
| patients to be cautious to administer sedatives/hypnotics | lactation, hepatic or renal impairment, habitual alcohol abuse, and mental health problems, also with elderly |
| barbiturate toxicity | deep coma |
| caffeine and insomnia | caffeine late at night can cause insomnia |
| colchicines adverse effects | n, v, d, abdominal pain, bone marrow depression |
| irreversible reactions from hydroxychloroquine | irreversible retinal damage may occur |
| nursing interventions for allopurinol | immediately report any rach to PHCP (SJS) |
| possible effects from green tea | same as caffeine: nervousness, restlessness, insomnia, and GI upset |
| labs for bone marrow suppression | decreased CBC, pancytopenia |
| thrombocytopenia symptoms and neoplastic drugs | monitor CBC, bleeding and easy bruising |
| use of antineoplastics | affect cells that rapidly divide and reproduce |
| Action of melphalan | alkylating agent that damages malignant cells more than normal cells |
| Possible interactions of antineoplastics and an alkylating drug | increased risk of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity |
| Adverse reactions of benzocaine | stinging, tenderness, sloughing, respiratory disorders |
| Adverse reactions of mupirocin | respiratory disorders (pharyngitis), taste perversion, cough |
| Adverse reactions of benzoyl peroxide | excessive drying, peeling, possible edema, allergic dermatitis |
| Adverse reactions of keratolytic, actinex | flu-like symptoms, rash, dry skin, scaling, bleeding, crustiness, skin roughness |
| Contraindicated patients for collagenase | wound cavity, nerves, hypersensitivity, fungaling neoplastic ulcers |
| Local effect of brimonidine tartrate | visual blurring, foreign body sensation |
| Systemic reaction to carbachol | salivation, flushing of skin, cardiac arrhythmias, muscle weakness, cholinergic crisis |
| Systemic reaction to phenylephrine hydrochloride | fatigue, drowsiness, palpations, nausea |
| Local adverse reaction of dexamethasone phosphate | impaired wound healing and rash |
| Systemic reaction to nedocromil sodium | fatigue, drowsiness, palpations, nausea |
| Plasma protein fractions uses | maintain plasma colloid osmotic pressure, carrier of intermediate matabolites in transport and exchange of tissue products, restore blood volume quickly |
| Teaching needed for a patient receiving calcium | GI problems, irritation to veins, heat waves, tingling, metallic or chalky taste, hypotension |
| When to use caution with fat emulsions | pregnancy and lactation |
| Salt substitutes and potassium | severe hyperkalemia |
| Adverse reactions and ammonium chloride | metabolic acidosis, loss of electrolytes, especially potassium |
| Adverse reactions of dextran | mild cutaneous eruptions, generalized urticaria, hypotension, n, v, headache, dyspnea, fever, tightness of chest, bronchospasm, wheezing, and anaphylactic shock |
| Magnesium salicylate uses | dietary supplement, hypomagnesemia, prevention and control of seizures, tachycardia, d, mental confusion, lassitude, drowsiness, respiratory depression, coma |
| Effects of acetaminophen to a diabetic patient | falsely lowers blood glucose values |
| Teaching and nonopioid analgesics | with food, as prescribed, report continued fever and severe or recurrent pain, don’t use other OTC analgesics, bloody stools |
| Reye’s syndrome | v, lethargy progressing to coma |
| Risks of NSAIDS and teaching needed | third trimester, lactating and hypersensitivity to aspirin |
| Monitoring needed in ibuprofen | bleeding, monitor for relief of pain and greater mobility, decrease inflammation |
| NSAIDS and antihypertensives | decreased effectiveness of antihypertensives |
| Promoting an optimal response to NSAIDS | take with food, milk or antacids |
| Adverse reactions to opioid analgesics | repiratory depression |
| Opioids and alcohol | do not combine, can cause decreased respirations and hypotension |
| Opioid use in terminal patients and what effects to monitor | constipation |
| PCA administration | only client should push the button |
| Reactions to an opioid antagonist | pain, withdrawal symptoms: n, v, sweating, tachycardia, increased BP, tremors |
| Opioid reactions | respiratory depression |
| Assessments prior to opioid antagonist administration | obtain BP, P, RR, revew record for drug suspected of causing negative symptoms, if time permits: review initial health history, allergies, and current tx modalities |
| Meds to treat alcohol dependence | antianxiety drugs: Librium, Tranzene, Valium |
| Regional anesthesia injection sites | subarachnoid space of spinal cord, 2nd lumbar vertebra, conduction block: spine or limb near a nerve trunk |
| Effects of methohexital | profound CNS depression and respiratory depression |
| Care while under general anesthesia | free of injury, airway |
| Types of anesthesia and uses | general, regional, local, and topical |
| How to select the correct general anesthesia | physical condition, weight, area, organ, duration of procedure |
| Acute pain due to naloxone | opioid antagonists compete with opioids for receptors |
Created by:
laotracuata
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