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68wm6 p2 Car Ped Neu
Nursing Care for Pediatric Neurological Conditions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord | Meninges |
| What is the most common infection of the CNS? | Meningitis |
| Majority of meningitis cases occur in who? | children between 1 month and 5 years |
| Menengitis may be preceded by what? | May be preceded by a URI and several days of GI distress |
| S/Sx of meningits: | *Severe Headache *Delirium *Irritability *Restlessness *High pitch cry in infants *Convulsions *Coma *Opisthotonos (involuntary arching of the back due to muscle contractions) *Petechiae |
| How is meningitis Diagnosed? | Lumbar puncture "spinal tap“, Gram stain and culture of CSF |
| What is encephalitis? | Inflammation of the brain |
| What causes encephalitis? | *Togaviruses and herpes virus type 1 and 2 *Following URI *Rubella or rubeola *Lead poisoning *Bacteria, spirochetes and fungi |
| What is Reye's Syndrome? | An acute non-inflammatory encephalopathy and hepatopathy, with no reasonable explanation for the cerebral and hepatic abnormalities |
| Use of what drug is associated with reyes syndrome? | Aspirin |
| What illnesses is Reyes Syndrome usually associated with? | with a viral illness which may be quite mild (flu, chickenpox) |
| Stage I Reye's Syndrome S/Sx: | *Vomiting *Lethargy *Drowsiness *Liver dysfunction *Follows commands *Brisk papillary reaction |
| Stage II Reye's Syndrome S/Sx: | *Disorientation *Combative *Delirium *Hyperventilation *Hyperactive reflexes *Appropriate response to pain *Liver dysfunction *Sluggish pupillary response |
| Stage III Reye's Syndrome S/Sx: | *Obtunded (Depressed LoC, lower mental facility) *Coma *Hyperventilation *Decorticate rigidity |
| Stage IV Reye's Syndrome S/Sx: | *Deepening coma *Decerebrate rigidity *Loss of oculo-cephalic reflexes *Large and fixed pupils *Minimal liver dysfunction |
| Stage V Reye's Syndrome S/Sx: | *Seizures *Loss of deep tendon reflexes *Respiratory arrest *Flaccidity *No evidence of liver dysfunction |
| What drug should not be given to a child to treat symptoms associated with chickenpox? | Aspirin |
| What should be monitored when caring for a child with Reye's syndrome? | Respirations, neuro status, ICP, vital signs and I & O. |
| What neonate/children are most at risk for developing sepsis? | Neutropenic, immature WBCs, immunocompromised or in intensive care unit. |
| How long are antibiotics administered if PT is positive for sepsis? | 7 - 10 days |
| Whata re the three types of partial seizures? | *Simple partial seizures *Complex partial seizures *Simple or complex seizures secondarily generalized |
| Primary drugs for partial seizures and/or tonic clonic seizures: | *Carbamazepine (Tegretol) *Phenytoin (Dilantin) *Valproic Acid (Depakote) |
| Primary drugs for absence seizures: | *Ethosuzimide (Zarontin) *Valproic Acid (Depakote) |
| When is therapy for seizures gradually discontinued? | Once the child is free for 2 years with a normal EEG |
| What is Status Epilepticus? | *Continuous seizure that lasts more than 30 minutes *A series of seizures where the child does not regain a premorbid level of consciousness *A MEDICAL EMERGENCY |
| What are some possible causes of seizures? | *Birth injury *Epilepsy *Infection *Fever *Dehydration *Hypoglycemia *Anesthetics *Drugs and poisons. |
Created by:
Shanejqb
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