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soc real world ch 6
Sociology The Real World Stein Chapter 6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A collection of people who share a physical location but do not have lasting social relations. | aggregate |
| "Normlessness"; term used to describe the alienation and loss of purpose that result from weaker social bonds and an increased pace of change. | anomie |
| The legitimate, noncoercive exercise of power. | authority |
| A type of secondary group designed to perform tasks efficiently, characterized by specialization, technical competence, hierarchy, written rules, impersonality, and formal written communication. | bureaucracy |
| Authority based in the perception of remarkable personal qualities in a leader. | charismatic authority |
| Power that is backed by the threat of force. | coercive power |
| The mildest type of conformity, undertaken to gain rewards or avoid punishments. | compliance |
| A temporary, public gathering of individuals who share a common focus; members might interact but do not identify with each other and will not remain in contact. | crowd |
| A two-person social group. | dyad |
| Social groups whose interactions are mediated through information technologies, particularly the internet; also called virtual communities. | electronic or virtual communities |
| Leadership concerned with maintaining emotional and relational harmony within the group. | expressive leadership |
| A collection of people who share some attribute, identify with one another, and interact with each other. | group |
| The sense of solidarity or loyalty that individuals feel toward a group to which they belong. | group cohesion |
| The patterns of interaction between groups and individuals. | group dynamics |
| In very cohesive groups, the tendency to enforce a high degree of conformity among members, creating a demand for unanimous agreement. | groupthink |
| A type of conformity stronger than compliance and weaker than internalization, caused by a desire to establish or maintain a relationship with a person or a group. | identification |
| A group that one identifies with and feels loyalty toward. | in-group |
| Power that is supported by persuasion. | influential power |
| Leadership that is task or goal oriented. | instrumental leadership |
| The strongest type of conformity, occurring when an individual adopts the beliefs or actions of a group and makes them her own. | internalization |
| Authority based in laws, rules, and procedures, not in the heredity or personality of any individual leader. | legal-rational authority |
| George Ritzer's term describing the spread of bureaucratic rationalization and the accompanying increases in efficiency and dehumanization. | McDonaldization |
| Any group an individual feels opposition, rivalry, or hostility toward. | out-group |
| The ability to control the actions of others. | power |
| Behaviors approved of by a particular social group. | prescriptions |
| The people who are most important to our sense of self; members' relationships are typically characterized by face-to-face interaction, high levels of cooperation, and intense feelings of belonging. | primary groups |
| Behaviors a particular social group wants its members to avoid. | proscriptions |
| The application of economic logic to human activity; the use of formal rules and regulations in order to maximize efficiency without consideration of subjective or individual concerns. | rationalization |
| A group that provides a standard of comparison against which we evaluate ourselves. | reference group |
| Larger and less intimate than primary groups; members' relationships are usually organized around a specific goal and are often temporary. | secondary groups |
| A theory of group formation and maintenance that stresses the need of individual members to feel a sense of belonging. | social identity theory |
| The influence of one's fellow group members on individual attitudes and behaviors. | social influence |
| The phenomenon in which as more individuals are added to a task, each individual contributes a little less; a source of inefficacy when working in teams. | social loafing |
| The web of direct and indirect ties connecting an individual to other people who may also affect her. | social network |
| Connections between individuals. | social ties |
| Authority based in custom, birthright, or divine right. | traditional authority |
| A three-person social group. | Triad |
| A larger and more impersonal group that is usually organized around a specific goal and is often temporary is called a/an: | Secondary group |
| Power that is backed by the threat of force is called: | Coercive power |
| What is the strongest type of conformity? | internalization |
| Generally, as the size of a social group increases _________ also increase. | Stability and regulations |
| The tendency to enforce a high degree of conformity among members that creates a demand for unanimous agreement is called: | Groupthink |
| What is one of the characteristics of bureaucracies according to Max Weber? | Specialization |
| A monarchy would be an example of: | Traditional authority |
| You and your family, friends, peers, colleagues, teachers, and co-workers constitute a: | Social network |
| According to the text, what are the two major sources of inefficiency in the group process? | organization and social loafing |
| A group that one identifies with and feels loyalty toward is called a/an: | In-group |
| What would be considered an example of a primary group? | Your group of close friends |
| Membership in secondary groups usually does not carry the same potential for emotional satisfaction that primary-group membership does. t/f | True |
| The CEO who only cares about profits, regardless of the employees personal well being or morale, is using: | Instrumental leadership |
| What would probably be considered an out-group by your city police force? | A motorcycle gang |
| The sense of solidarity or loyalty that individuals feel toward a group to which they belong is called: | Group cohesion |
| Which group might be considered a reference group for a first-year sociology major? | Senior sociology major |
| A collection of people who share a physical location but do not have lasting social relations is called a/an: | Aggregate |
| An employee who adheres to a dress code at work even though she wishes she didn't have to is an example of conformity due to: | Compliance |
| The patterns of interaction between groups and individuals is called: | Group dynamics |
| What The replacement of people with automated check-in machines at airports.is an example of what Ritzer calls the McDonaldization of society? | The replacement of people with automated check-in machines at airports. |
| What is Durkheim's term for a state of normlessness? | Anomie |
| Leadership concerned with maintaining emotional and relational harmony within the group is called: | Expressive leadership |
Created by:
hkrawietz
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