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NCTS Volcanoes

QuestionAnswer
Tephra Rock fragments thrown into the air during a volcanic eruption (size can be super small or the size of a car or small building)
Pyroclastic Flow Gas, ash, and other tephra going down a slope at incredibly high speeds (120+mi/hr)
Vent opening in the crust where magma reaches
Crater A bowl-shaped depression found at the top of the volcano, around the vent
Lava Found on the surface of the Earth
Magma Found within the Earth (in the mantle)
Convergent Volcanism Where plates come together, usually at subduction zones (ex. Circum-Pacific belt – “Ring of Fire” & Mediterranean belt)
Divergent Volcanism Where plates spread apart; seafloor spreading (ex. Mid-Atlantic Ridge)
Ring of Fire An example of convergent volcanism. Another name for the Circum-Pacific Belt.
Hot Spots Unusually hot regions in Earth’s mantle, located far from plate boundaries. This is where the high temperature plumes of mantle material rise to the Earth’s surface.
Active Volcano is erupting or may erupt in the near future
Dormant Volcano No activity except for the quiet escape of gas
Shield Volcano Mountain with broad, gently sloping side and a nearly circular base; non-explosive (made up of mostly basalt – ex. Hawaiian Islands)
Cinder-Cone Volcano Steep sides, more explosive and more vicious magma than shield volcanoes, usually less than 500 m tall, generally small
Composite Volcano Layers of volcanic fragments alternate with lava, violently explosive, can be dangerous to humans and the environment, larger than cinder-cone (ex. Mt. St. Helens & Mt. Rainier)
Silica The main ingredient in magma.
Explosive The more silica, the more ___________ the eruption.
Plate boundaries Where most volcanic belts form
Caldera A large, usually circular depression at the summit of a volcano formed when magma is withdrawn or erupted from a shallow underground magma reservoir.
Created by: dsteffey
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