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S1 review
semester 1 review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A __ is a naturally occurring, inorganic solid with a crystal structure & definite chemical composition. | MINERAL |
| Which type of rock is formed from quickly cooling molten material? | EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS |
| Which is the most polluting fossil fuel? | COAL |
| What is the first step in the formation of soil? | WEATHERING (BREAKING DOWN) ROCK |
| Which RENEWABLE energy resource is most widely used? | HYDROELECTRIC POWER |
| What is Earth's longest mountain chain? | MID-OCEAN RIDGE |
| What fault is found at a transform boundary? | STRIKE-SLIP |
| What is the basic material from which soil is formed? | BEDROCK |
| Which type of weathering produces sediment that has the same composition as the larger rock? | PHYSICAL/MECHANICAL |
| What agent of weathering causes the grinding or wearing down of rock by sediment carried in water, wind or ice? | ABRASION |
| The mid-ocean ridge is found at which type of plate boundary? | DIVERGENT |
| What is the process that continually adds oceanic crust? | SEA-FLOOR SPREADING |
| What processes are required to change sedimentary rock to igneous rock? | MELTING & COOLING |
| A resource that is replaced at the same rate that it is used is a __ resource. | RENEWABLE |
| Fossil fuels and nuclear power are classified as __ energy resources. | NONRENEWABLE |
| Which layer of Earth is composed of liquid iron & nickel? | OUTER CORE |
| What are the two types of crust? | OCEANIC & CONTINENTAL |
| The most important agent of chemical weathering is __. | WATER |
| Burning fossil fuels results in the formation of which agent of chemical weathering? | ACID RAIN |
| Which fossil fuel is used primarily for electricity production? | COAL |
| At which type of boundary will you find a deep ocean trench? | CONVERGENT |
| What process produces a deep ocean trench? | SUBDUCTION |
| How long did it take for the supercontinent Pangaea to move apart into the continents we have now - hundreds, thousands, millions or billions of years? | MILLIONS |
| A rock from which minerals can be removed in usable amounts is called __. | ORE |
| One way to reduce erosion is to increase the number of plants in an area because that will decrease the amount of __. | RUNOFF |
| Where wind and water slow down and deposit sediment, does the amount of land in that area increase or decrease? | INCREASES |
| What landform is formed from sediment carried to the ocean by rivers and then deposited by waves? | BEACHES |
| As you go deeper into the Earth, the layers of Earth become __ (more / less) dense. | MORE |
| Which is more dense - the inner core or the mantle? | INNER CORE |
| What is the most prevalent rock in Earth's oceanic crust? | BASALT |
| Faults are most often located near __. | PLATE BOUNDARIES |
| The __ is the location of the majority of Earth's active volcanoes. | RING OF FIRE |
| At which type of boundary is most new plate material (crust) formed? | DIVERGENT |
| Windbreaks, terracing & contour plowing are all ways of conserving __. | SOIL |
| What processes are required to change an igneous rock to a metamorphic rock? | CHEMICAL CHANGE DUE TO EXTREME HEAT & PRESSURE |
| __ rock is coarse-grained due to its formation from slow-cooling magma. | INTRUSIVE IGNEOUS |
| The San Andreas Fault is an example of which type of fault? | STRIKE-SLIP |
| Which process produces volcanic mountain ranges on continents and volcanic island arcs in the ocean? | SUBDUCTION |
| Most information about Earth's interior has come NOT from direct evidence but indirectly through the study of __. | SEISMIC WAVES |
| A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and turns reddish-brown when it is weathered chemically by __. | OXYGEN (OXIDATION) |
| A rock that contains many tiny, connected spaces is called __. | PERMEABLE |
| In a convection current, the heated material __ because it is less dense than the material around it. | RISES |
| The __ age of a rock is its age COMPARED TO the ages of other rocks. | RELATIVE |
| Evidence of changes to Earth's geology, climate, and life forms is found in the __. | FOSSIL RECORD |
| The set of processes that change rock from one type to another is known as the __. | ROCK CYCLE |
| What evidence in the fossil record is an indication of a species' extinction? | FOSSILS OF THE ORGANISMS NO LONGER APPEAR IN SUCCESSIVE (YOUNGER) ROCK LAYERS |
| How do paleontologists know that dogs did not co-exist with dinosaurs? | DOG FOSSILS ARE NOT FOUND IN ROCK LAYERS WITH DINOSAUR FOSSILS |
| What process is required to change igneous rock to sediment? | WEATHERING |
| If the mass of a substance stays the same but the volume increases, the density of the substance __. | DECREASES |
| Which mineral can scratch any other mineral, and what is its number on the Mohs hardness scale? | DIAMOND (10) |
| What is the indirect source of almost all of Earth's energy resources? | SOLAR ENERGY (the SUN) |
| Development __ the amount of runoff in an area, and vegetation __ the amount of runoff in an area. | INCREASES; DECREASES |
| Which energy resources are known as fossil fuels? | COAL, PETROLEUM, NATURAL GAS |
| Which type of crust is required for subduction to occur? | OCEANIC |
| Non-volcanic mountain ranges (like the Himalayas) are associated with which specific plate boundary? | CONTINENTAL-CONTINENTAL CONVERGENT |
| Minerals that break in flat sheets (like mica) have which property? | CLEAVAGE |
| To identify which mineral a substance is, you can test the property of __ by determining which other minerals the substance can scratch. | HARDNESS |
| The convection currents that move tectonic plates occur in which layer of Earth? | ASTHENOSPHERE |
| Earth's plates are broken pieces of __, which is defined as __. | LITHOSPHERE; ALL OF THE CRUST AND THE UPPER PART OF THE MANTLE |
| 67% of Earth's mass is in which layer? | MANTLE |
| Continental crust is __ than oceanic crust, but oceanic crust is __ than continental crust. | THICKER; DENSER |
| At which type(s) of plate boundary do earthquakes occur? | ALL OF THEM |
| What is the most powerful agent of EROSION? | MOVING WATER |
| If you scratch a mineral on a tile to produce a powder, you are testing which property of that mineral? | STREAK |
| Though the inner core is hotter than the liquid outer core, it remains solid due to __. | EXTREME PRESSURE ON THE INNER CORE (that keeps the molecules tightly packed) |
| Sediment produced by __ has a different mineral composition from the original rock. | CHEMICAL WEATHERING |
| Deposition by rivers can produce __ and __ when the river slows as it reaches an ocean. | DELTAS AND MARSHES |
| When plates diverge, __ rises. | MOLTEN MATERIAL |
| Which of Earth's two layers, together, make up 33% of Earth's mass? | INNER & OUTER CORE |
| What process(es) are necessary to change metamorphic rock to sedimentary rock? | WEATHERING (TO PRODUCE SEDIMENT), EROSION, DEPOSITION, COMPACTING, AND CEMENTING |
| Greenhouses are kept warm by glass that allows sunlight through but keeps most heat inside. The greenhouse effect on a planet is produced by __ that similarly trap heat. | ATMOSPHERIC GASES (GREENHOUSE GASES) |
| Two greenhouse gases produced when fossil fuels are burned are __ and __. | CARBON DIOXIDE AND METHANE |
| What is a disadvantage common to most renewable energy resources? | EXPENSIVE START-UP COSTS |
| Most renewable energy resources share what two advantages? | LOW/NO POLLUTION AND INEXPENSIVE TO OPERATE |
| What produces Earth's magnetic field? | ROTATING LIQUID METAL OUTER CORE |
| The primary driver of plate movement is __ and the primary determinant of plate interactions is plate __. | CONVECTION; DENSITY |
| Heat transfer through a fluid (liquid or gas) is known as __. | CONVECTION |
Created by:
cgottlieb
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