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Microbio Final Test2
Questions # 43, 49
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| hexylresorcinal | phenolic compound |
| phenolic compounds | 1) denature proteins 2) disrupt cell membranes 3) reduce surface tension |
| cresol | phenolic compound |
| bisphenol | same as phenolic compound, 10x more reactive |
| orthophenylphenol | lysol; bisphenol |
| amphyl | bisphenol |
| hexachlorophene | bisphenol, caused brain damage |
| trichlosan | broad spectrum antibiotic, bisphenol |
| chlorine halogen | 1) changes membrane structure = leakage 2) strong oxidizing agent: inactivates enzymes 3) used in municipal water supplies 4) does not eliminate spores |
| chloramines | organic compounds that contain chlorine and ammonia. more stable than bleach |
| iodine halogens | 1) more reactive/germicidal than chlorine 2) halogenates tyrosines on proteins 3) loosens organisms on surface |
| example of iodine halogen | iodophors: iodine/detergent complex that releases iodine over a long period of time ex: betadine |
| heavy metals | 1) react with -SH groups 2) damage enzymes |
| silver nitrate | heavy metal that kills Neisseria gonorrhea |
| copper sulfate | heavy metal fungicide on grapevines and algicide in swimming pools |
| selenium sulfide | heavy metal fungicide found in some types of shampoo |
| alcohols | 1) denature proteins 2) dissolve lipids 3) 70% more effective than 100% |
| alcohol with high bacterial activity | isopropanol and ethanol |
| now this is too toxic to be used as anticeptic (carcinogenic) | methanol |
| alkylating agents | 1) reacts with proteins and nucleic acids 2) used as disinfectant 3) those allergic develop dermatitis 4) can be used to preserve stuff |
| makes toxins into toxoids, inactivates virus | alkylating agent: formaldehyde |
| ethylene oxide | 1) gas, used in chemiclave 2) cross-links with nucleic acids/proteins 3) penetrates packing material 4) sterilizes plastics and heat sensitive material 5) highly explosive and toxic (aeration may be necessary) |
| hydrogen peroxide | 1) catalase enzyme in living tissues break down peroxide to oxygen and water 2) bubbling removes microorgs 3) superoxide radical of oxygen formed (toxic to microbes) inhibits growth of anaerobic organisms |
| gentamicin | macrolides, Micromonospora purpurea |
| erythromycin | azithromycin. Saccharopolyspora erythraea. macrolide. |
| effective against mycoplasma | macrolides |
| causes aplastic anemia | chloramphenicol |
| disrupts formation of arabinogalactan-mycolic acid | isoniazid , ethambutol |
| Polymyxin B effective against | Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and gram(-) |
Created by:
syeonie
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