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theory of evolution
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| As explorers traveled the globe in the 18th and 19th centuries, there were many new species discovered by | naturalists |
| Alfred Russell Wallace | Although many scientists had proposed ideas that this had indeed happened, two scientists, Alfred Russell Wallace and Charles Darwin, actually formulated a theory as to how the many species could have arisen. |
| Charles Darwin | Although many scientists had proposed ideas that this had indeed happened, two scientists, Alfred Russell Wallace and Charles Darwin, actually formulated a theory as to how the many species could have arisen. |
| Organisms produce similar organisms | a cat produces a cat, an oak tree produces another oak tree, and a bird produces a bird. |
| Often, organisms produce more offspring than can survive in any given | environment. |
| natural selection. | Only those organisms that survive will pass their favorable traits on to their offspring. |
| variations | Since Darwin’s time and the advent of genetics and molecular biology, we know that mutations cause changes in genetic traits |
| Overproduction | A species produces more offspring than will survive to maturity |
| Genetic Variation | The individuals within the species’ population are all genetically slightly different from each other |
| Struggle to Survive | Individuals of the population must struggle to avoid predators and find food and shelter |
| Successful Reproduction | Individuals that are successful at surviving are able to reproduce and pass on their genes to their offspring |
| I. Diversity | either the number of different characteristics present in a population or the number of different species in an area |
| II. Adaptation | a characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment by adapting to its surroundings |
| III. Speciation | the process by which two populations of the same species become so different that they can no longer interbreed |
| IV. Extinction | the process of a species dying out completely |
| biodiversity | On the environmental level, diversity creates stability in ecosystems and biomes |
| Selective breeding | the breeding of organisms that have a certain desired trait |
| Genetic engineering | the manipulation of genes that allows scientists to put genes from one organism into another organism |
| Separation | Different groups of the same species become isolated from one another |
| Adaptation | The groups adapt to different environments |
| Division | Over a long period of time, the divided groups evolve into different species that are no longer able to breed with one another |
| atmosphere | Earth's original atmosphere was anaerobic, containing no free oxygen. |
| Earth’s Earliest Inhabitants | Earth’s Earliest Inhabitants The fossil record indicates that Earth’s first inhabitants were prokaryotes, perhaps appearing a little more than 3 billion years ago |
| Fossils | Fossils are the main tool used by scientists to study the history of life on Earth |
| Index fossil | A fossil of an organism that lived during a relatively short, well-defined time span |
Created by:
Rodney77
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