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impact of Genomics

QuestionAnswer
Biotechnology is a branch of science that uses living organisms to manufacture food, drugs, or other products.
Rudimentary biotechnology has been around for housands of years.
Whenever yeast is used to bake bread or whenever grapes, malt, or milk is fermented to make wine, beer, or cheese, someone is using biotechnology.
selective breeding Another popular biotechnological technique that is frequently used by society is selective breeding
Using this technique, farmers or ranchers select certain crops or animals to breed based off of desirable traits (e.g. the strongest bull, the fastest horse, the most virus-resistant corn, the largest tomato, etc.)
Although this technique has been around for centuries, Charles Darwin's studies on natural selection and Gregor Mendel's studies in genetics helped to explain the scientific mechanism behind this popular technique.
Recent biotechnology methods, such as genetic engineering, gene therapy, and genetic counseling, require more advanced technology and a more advanced prior knowledge of natural systems
Current biotechnology methods include genetic modification (also known as genetic engineering, gene splicing, gene therapy, transgenics, or recombinant DNA technology), cloning, and DNA fingerprinting.
All genetic modification techniques involve inserting, deleting, or substituting DNA segments into an organism's natural genomic material.
Typically these modifications are made in order to somehow enhance the organism.
or example, crops such as tomatoes, corn, and cotton or animals such as cattle and sheep can be genetically modified to be more resistant to diseases that often infect them
Genetic modification techniques require extensive knowledge of the organism's genome, however, because genes cannot be safely manipulated if the traits that they express are unknown
In 1980, scientists began mapping the human genome
With the completion of this project comes the hope that genetic manipulation in humans might be able to cure certain genetic disorders
Human Genome Project The Human Genome Project was a 13-year-long research effort which included scientists from several countries around the world
The scientists working on the Human Genome Project were attempting to identify all of the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA and find the sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA.
The directors of the Human Genome Project are hoping that the information gained from the project will help other scientists develop new forms of biotechnology
Knowing more about the human genome may help improve technology
Molecular medicine involves the diagnosis and treatment of different genetic diseases
Microbial genomics involves the use of genetically engineered bacteria for bio remediation, pollutant detection, the production of bio fuels, and more
Bio archaeology and anthropology involves the study of human evolution and migration
DNA forensics involves the use of DNA to help solve crimes, including the use of a DNA fingerprint
Agricultural genetic engineering involves the genetic engineering of pest- or drought-resistant crops, healthier farm animals, biopesticides, crops containing life-saving vaccines, and more
Genetic engineering is the process of manipulating genes for practical purposes
Genetic engineering often involves the use of recombinant DNA, which is DNA made from two or more different organisms.
Created by: Rodney77
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