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Theory of Evolution(
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is evolution? | The process of change over time |
| What was Charles Darwin's contribution to science? | Darwin developed a theory of evolution that explains how modern organisms evolved over long periods of time from common ancestors. |
| What did Darwin notice about biodiversity around the world? | Places around the world that had similar habitats often had different animals that were ecologically similar. |
| What are fossils? | The preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms. |
| What did Darwin notice about biodiversity about biodiversity within a local area? | Darwin noticed that different, related species often lived in different habitats within a local area. |
| What did Darwin notice when he compared some fossils to living species? | Darwin noticed that some fossils of extinct animals were similar to living species. |
| What are acquired characteristics? | Traits that change during the life of an organism. |
| What is deep time? | The idea that Earth's history is so long that it is difficult to imagine. |
| What is artificial selection? | Selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring. |
| How is variation used in artificial selection? | Nature provides the variation, and humans select the traits they find useful. |
| What is natural selection? | Organisms with traits that are the best match to their environment survive and leave more offspring. |
| When does natural selection occur? | When more individuals are born than can survive;there is variation and adaptation;individuals have different fitness rates. |
| What is fitness? | How well an organism can survive and reproduce in its environment . |
| What is adaptation? | Any heritable trait that helps an organism survive in its environment. |
| What is biogeography? | The study of where organisms live and where their ancestors lived in the past. |
| What are homologous structures? | Structures that are shared by related species and that have been inherited from a common ancestor. |
| What are analogous structures? | Structures that share a common function but are not structurally related. |
| What are vestigial structures? | Inherited structures that have lost much of their original function. |
| How do fossils help to show the descent of modern species from ancient ancestors? | Many recently discovered fossils form series that trace the evolution of modern species from extinct ancestors. |
| What does the theory of endosymbiosis help explain? | The evolution of eukaryotes |
| What is hypothesized to be the early source of free oxygen in Earth's atmosphere? | Photosynthesis by cyanobacteria |
| For what purpose do geologists use index fossils? | To date a rock layer and other fossils within that layer |
| According to modern scientific theory, which of the following organisms appeared first? | Microorganisms |
| What process led to the evolution of multicellular organisms? | Cell differentiation |
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yatzeni
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