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MICRO FINAL*1
Infections: HANDOUT - PRINTED***
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Papillomavirus (HPV): COMPLICATIONS (3) | *genital warts *can cause cervical cancer *can be link to other cancers |
| Papillomavirus (HPV): can be link to other cancers: genital/oral contact can lead to | oral & esophageal cancer |
| 70% of all cervical cancer cases is caused by: | Papillomavirus (HPV) |
| Papillomavirus (HPV): TREATMENT | Warts: removal |
| Papillomavirus (HPV): PREVENTION | GARDISIL VACCINE |
| HERPESVIRUSES: 7 Known HERPESVIRUSES to Cause Human Infections: 5 of them are: | 1)HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1(HSV1) 2)HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2(HSV2) 3)VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV) 4)Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) 5)Cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
| (HSV1)= | HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1 |
| *oral cold sores (fever blisters) *viral infection of lips, tongue, gums, face - oral herpes *sore is very contagious/painful | HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1(HSV1) |
| TRANSMITTED BY: *most commonly, direct contact w an active virus & fluid filled sore (clear fluid) *2nd, possibly by secretions frm a sore; sneeze, sharing drink, lip balm,etc | HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1(HSV1) |
| HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1(HSV1): COMPLICATIONS (3) | *can become a provirus & recur *risk of conjunctivitis(eye) *risk of encephalitis & meningitis (rare, but can occur) |
| HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 1(HSV1): TREATMENT | *anti-viral meds that can *spd up the drying & healing of the sore: *(ex)- acyclovir, zovirex, Valtrex |
| (HSV2)= | HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2 |
| *gential cold sores (genital herpes) *viral infection of vagina, cervix, penis *sore is very contagious/painful | HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2(HSV2) |
| *most commonly TRANSMITTED BY: *direct contact w an active virus & fluid filled sore (clear fluid) | HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2(HSV2) |
| HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2(HSV2): COMPLICATIONS (3parts) | *can become provirus & recur *increased risk of cervical cancer *PASSAGE TO NEWBORN-> NERVOUS SYSTEM PROBLEMS-> BLINDNESS,DEAFNESS(should deliv C-sect) |
| HERPES SIMPLEX VIRUS TYPE 2(HSV2): TREATMENT | *anti-viral meds that can *spd up the drying & healing of the sore: *(ex)- acyclovir, zovirex, Valtrex *(same as HSV1) |
| (VZV)= | VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS |
| CHKN POX/SHINGLES= | VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV) |
| TRANSMITTED BY: *respiratory secretions (cough, sneeze) | VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV) |
| VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV): first symptoms= | *mild flu-like illness (whn most contagious) *flu-like=fever, congestion, cough, fatigue, muscle aches, malaise |
| VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV): Virus spreads from respir tract into blood= | *vesicular rash forms (smll blisters anywhere on body) *rash can be contagious (esp fluid from blisters) |
| VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV): COMPLICATIONS (4 sections) | *bronchitis, pneumon, conjunctivit, otitis media, meningit, encephalitis *slow virus disease (shingles- infect of periph nerves; pain, discomf, rash, blisters) *scarring *Reyes syndrome- damge to bld vssls, liver, brain due to VZV & aspirin, can be fatal |
| VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV): TREATMNT | *treat symptoms; *diet*fluids*steroids *keep itching down *fever reducer: not aspirin |
| VARICELLA-ZOSTER VIRUS (VZV): PREVENTION | Vaccine |
| EBV= | Epstein-Barr Virus |
| *causes mononucleosis (MONO) *TRANSMITTED BY fecal-oral (digestive) contact *digestive= saliva, kissing, sharing foods, etc | Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) |
| Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): SYMPTOMS | *sore throat *swollen salivary glands *swollen lymph nodes *fever, cough, fatigue, malaise |
| Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): COMPLICATIONS (extremely common) | *VIRUS CAN GO TO BRONCHI&LUNGS=bronchitis & pneumon *CAN GO TO BLOOD-> SPLEEN= 1)hyperspleenism (overactive spleen) or 2)splenomegaly (exlarged spleen- rupture) *CAN GO TO LIVER= hepatomegaly (enlrged liver; abdom discomf, jaundice) |
| Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): SYMPTOMS can now last... | 3-6 mo for complete recov |
| Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): TREATMNT | *rest *fluid *diet *steroids |
| Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV): LATER COMPLICATION: | Burkitts Lymphoma- cancer of the lymph nodes of the neck |
| CMV= | Cytomegalovirus |
| *causes a respir infect (pnuemon-like) in children (newborns) *pneumon, diarrheal illnesses, weightloss, dementia in AIDS patients *no real treatmnt | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) |
| PARAMYXOVIRUSES: 2 TYPES | *RUBELLA *RUBEOLA |
| RUBELLA aka: 2 | *German measles *"togavirus" |
| RUBELLA: TRANSMITTED BY: *respiratory secretions (cough/sneeze) *incubation period= 1-2days | |
| RUBELLA: SYMPTOMS: | FLU-LIKE SYMPTOMS: mild: *fever *congestion *cough *rash (red, itch, flat on trunk, arms, legs)- lasts 1-3days |
| RUBELLA: COMPLICATIONS: | *bronchitis, pnuemon, meningit *CAN CROSS PLACENT EARLY IN PREG: *IF CROSESS IN 1st TRIMEST (1st 8 wks)= 80-85% chance of sev damge to fetus <3, aorta, brain &spinal cord *IF CROSESS IN 2nd TRIMEST (9-16 wks)= 25% of severe damge |
| RUBELLA: TREATMENT | *fever reducers, anti-inflammatories for rash, rest, fluids, proper diet |
| RUBELLA: PREVENTION= | MMR Vaccine |
| RUBEOLA aka: | *measles *"regular measles |
| TRANSMITTED BY: *respiratory secretions *incubation period= 2-5 days | RUBEOLA |
| RUBEOLA: SYMPTOMS | FLU-LIKE: *red, itchy rash mostly trunk, *white patches inside mouth (gums, tongue) *symptoms last 2-5 days |
| RUBEOLA: COMPLICATIONS | *bronchitis, pnuemon, meningit *conjunctivit *possibl slow virus disease of the CNS, sim to MS, results in dementia= SSPE *not known to cross placenta |
| RUBEOLA: TREATMNT | *steroids for rash *anti-flams keep itching dwn *rest, fluids, fever-reducer (not aspirin incase youre actually dealing w chkn pox) |
| RUBEOLA: PREVENTION | MMR Vaccine |
| POXVIRUSES | |
| *some of the lrgest knwn animal viruses (250nm) *species specific- can infect most species of animals (cowpox, monkeypox, feline pox) | POXVIRUSES |
| There is one HUMAN pox virus= | VARIOLA (SMALLPOX) |
| VARIOLA= | SMALLPOX |
| *Can be TRANSMITTED human to human by: *direct contact (skin to skin) with a *virus infected sore or *respir secretions | VARIOLA (SMALLPOX) |
| *Has been eradicated due to strict worldwide immun (vaccination) *Last NATURAL case in US- 1949 *Last case on Earth- 1978 Ethiop *Declard eradicated by WHO in 1987 | VARIOLA (SMALLPOX) |
| VARIOLA (SMALLPOX): *Incubation period= 1-2days *SYMPTOMS= | *fluid & virus filled sores (pox) all ovr bdy *if inhaled, sores & hemorrhage in lungs *drowns in blood *pneumon occurs *death via pulmonary smallpox |
| VARIOLA (SMALLPOX): TREATMNT & PREVENT | *No treatment *Vaccine exists, but no one needs to be |
| BACTERIAL SKIN INFECTIONS (4) | *STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS *STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENESE(GROUP A BETA STREP) *LYME DISEASE *OTHER BACTERIAL SKIN INFECTNS |
| The most common bacterial pathogen: | STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS |
| *Skin infectns, respir infectns, food poisoning, systemic infectns *G+ coccus, bunches *TRANSMITTED: *Nasal secretions of carriers & dischrg (exudate from skin absesses) *resists most common antibiotics | STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS |
| STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: Incubation period= | 2-4 days |
| STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: Infections: *can invade intact skin *can cause: | *pustules- hair follicle infectns *acne *furuncles- boils in deepr tissue *carbuncles- multpl smll boils usually scalp *impetigo *scalded skin syndrm *necrotizing fasciitis *toxic shock synd *leading cause of burn & wound infections |
| childrn rash w/ pus on face | impetigo |
| skin & connectv tissue separate& skin layers peel away | scalded skin syndrm |
| flesh eating disease | necrotizing fasciitis |
| rash, high fev, bld vssl damge | toxic shock synd |
| STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: Produces dozens of exotoxins & harmful enzymes: | *necrotizing toxins *enterotoxins- dmg digestive tract *hemolysins- dstry RBCs *leukocidins- dstry WBCs *coagulase- clot bld *collagenase *exfoliating toxin- scalded skin syndrm *toxic shock toxin *capsules- resist phagocytosis |
| kills cells & tissue (connectv tissue) | necrotizing toxins |
| dstry collagen in skin,joints,kidneys | collagenase |
| STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS: TREATMNT/VACCINE: | *Careful use of antibiotics: Azithromycin(Zpack), Erythromycin, Tetra/Doxycycline *No Vaccine |
| GROUP A BETA STREP= | STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENESE |
| *G+ coccus, chains *TRANSMITTED: *trans to skin from respir secretions (cough) *causes PHARYNGITIS (strep throat) *also produces some exotoxins & hemolysins *DOESNT tend to be antibiotic resistant | STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENESE (GROUP A BETA STREP) |
| STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENESE may also cause skin infectns: | *scarlet fever *impetigo *necrotizing fasciitis *scarlatina *eryspielas- circular ringworm-like rash on trunk *puerperal sepsis(childbed fever)- rash, high fev in mothr following childbirth *toxic shock syndrme |
| STREPTOCOCCUS PYOGENESE: TREATMNT (4) | *Penicillin *Cephalosporins *Ciprofloxacin *Azithromycin |
Created by:
sbarre2
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