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Final Microbiology
Every Micro
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cell type characterized by a membrane bound nucleus. | Eukaryotic Cell |
| An organism or other agent that can only multiply within living host cells. | Obligte Intracellular Parasite |
| An organism or virus able to cause disease. | Pathogen |
| Cell type charterized by the LACK of a membrane bound nucleus. | Prokaryotic Cell |
| Heat resistant forms of bacteria. | Endospores |
| All organisms fall into one of these three _______: Bacteria, Archaea or Eucaya. | Domains |
| The degradation of environmental pollutants by living organisms. | Bioremediation |
| A variety of species inhabiting a particular environment. | Biodiversity |
| Nuclear membrane, membrane bound organelles, single & multi-celled. | Eucarya |
| Single & multi-celled, many shapes & sizes, chloroplasts, photosythesis, found near water, rigid cell wall and many use flagella | Algae |
| Many multi-celled, somesingle called yeast, energy from degrading organic materials, live mostly on land. | Fungi |
| Single celled, live on both water & land, Larger than prokaryotes, no rigid cell wall, most require organic food sorce, most motile. | Protozoa |
| Two word naming system including Genus & Species, | Nomenclature |
| A piece of nuecleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protien coat | Virus |
| A single piece of RNA. | Viroid |
| An abnormal form of cellular protien responsible for neurodegenerative diseases that are always fatal. | Prion |
| Single cell prokaryote, peptoglycan ridged cell wall, multiply through bianry fision, many use flagella. | Bacteria |
| Single cell prokaryote, multiply through bianary fision, move via flagella, peptoglycan cell wall, ability to grow in extreem conditions | Archaea |
| First to observe a microorganism and developed the "cell theory". | Hooke |
| Observed first sights of microbes useing a curvedglass and pondwater. | Leuwenhoek |
| Organisms can only arise from pre-exising cells | Biogenesis |
| Debunked spontaineous generation theory using decaying meat and cheese cloth. | Redi |
| Showed that there were heat resistant forms of life. | Tyndall |
| Demostrated air was filled with MO's and invented pasturization. Influenced Lister & Koch's work. | Pasteur |
| Developed aseptic surgery | Lister |
| Showed that MO's have a direct role in disease | Koch |
| Discovered a filterable agent "virus" that causes Tabacco Mosaic disease | Iwanowski |
| Developed small pox vaccine | Jenner |
| Induced antitoxins in rabbits which were then used to treat humans | Behring |
| Discovered Salvarson, an arsenic agents used to treat Syphilis | Ehrlich |
| Discovered penicilin | Flemming |
| The ability to distinguish between two objects clearly. | Resolution |
| Has the same reactive index as glass, used when using a magnification of 100x on microscope | Oil immersion |
| A single cell that gives rise to a population of organisms. | Pure Culture |
| The ability to distingush an object from it's background | Contrast |
| All tools and media are sterile and free of contamination | Aseptic Technique |
| A poly sacharide polymer that consists of poly sacharide chains cross linked by peptide briges. | Peptoglycan |
| Hair like appendages attached to bacteria that transfer genetic material | Pili |
| Structure outside the cell wall that is well organized, firmly & perminately attached | Capsule |
| Organize layers that consist of tracts & channels for cell communication, exchange of nutrients, cell movement and a protective layer that can be bennificial or damaging | Biofilm |
| Gel that fills the region betweenthe outer membrane and the cytoplasmic membrane on a gram- bacteria | Periplasm |
| Genes resposible for the determination and transmission of heredity characteristics. | Chromosome |
| environment lacking oxygen is necessary | Anarobe |
| Tail like structure used for motility | Flagella |
| Type of Glycocaalyx that is diffuse & unorganized. Can wash off. | Slime Layer |
| Movement in response to chemical change | Chemotaxis |
| Circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of the chromosome. | Plasmid |
| Flexable in regards to requirements for growth | Facultative |
| Toxic component of the outer membrane of gram- cells. Elicits symptoms of fever & shock and is heat stable. | Endotoxin |
| Poisonous protien released by an MO, that is NOT heat stable but very potent | Exotoxin |
| Alteration by an organism in the charateristics of certain surface protiens. | Antigenic Variation |
| Stretchs of DNA in bacteria that code for virulence factors and may have been aquired from other bacteria. | Pathogenicity Islands |
| Ability of a pathogen to overcome a bodies defense mecanisms and cause disease. | Virulence |
| Iron binding substance produced by bacteria. | Siderophores |
| Portals of entry by pathogens for infection to occur: | Mucous Membranes Skin Parenteral Route |
| Lethal dose for 50% of the population - POTENTCY | LD50 |
| Infectious dose for 50% of the population - VIRULENCE | ID50 |
| Microbes adhere to host cells useing | Adhesins or ligands |
| Capsules & cell walls ca impair or prevent... | phagocytosis |
| Virulent enzyme that causes clotting | Coagulase |
| Virulent enzyme that disolves clots and fibrin | Kinase |
| Virulent enzyme that breaks down polyscharide holding cell together | hyaluronidase |
| Virulent enzyme that breaks down collegen | Collagenase |
| Virulent enzyme that destroys antibodies | IgA Protease |
| A-B Toxin that effects the nervous system, can cause paralysis and be cause by Botulism or Tetnus. | Neurotoxin |
| A-B toxin that modifies the regulatory protiens of the intestinal cells causing severe diarrhea, sen in Travelers Diarrhea and Cholera. | Enterotoxin |
| A-B toxin that either interferes with essential cellular mechanisms or lyses host. Can cause skin lessions, organ damage etc. Can be caused by Anthrax, Whooping Cough etc. | Cytotoxins |
| A toxin that requires two units. One that is toxic ad the other that binds to a specific receptor on the host cell so the toxic portion canbe held in place and taken up by host. | A-B Toxin |
| A cytotoxin that disrupts the plasma membrane. | Cytotoxins |
| Due to a massive realease of cytokines causes toxic effects overiding the specificity of T-cell response. | Superantigens |
| 3 of skins defenses that inhibit microbes & pathogens | Sweat - salty Fatty Acids Dry & Acidic |
| Skin microflora that is gram + and causes BO and acne | Diphtheroids |
| Gram + skin microflora, cocci in shape in chains and maintains the balance. | Staphylococci |
| skin microflora that is lipophylic and larger than bacteria | Fungi - Yeast |
| Hair follical infections furuncles, crbuncles, folliculitis and boils are caused by ________. This is also commonly found in nostrils | Staphylococcus aureus |
| Staphylococcus aureus releases exfollatins toxin destroying the outer layers of the epidermis in infants and the immunocomprimised. | Scalded Skin Syndrom |
| Staphylococcus aureus or Staphylococcus pyogenes gram + B cocci cause this pyoderma infection resulting from a burn, insect bite or scrape that causes clisters that break leaving a yellow crust and lymph node enlargement | Staphylococcal Impetigo |
| Discovered by Dr. Willy Bergdorf in 1975. Is the most common tick born disease. Includes 3 stages. | Lyme Disease - Causal agent Borellia burgdorferi |
| Stage of Lyme Disease that a bullseye like rash may appear and lymph nodes may enlarge allong with chills, fever and joint & muscle pain. | 1st Stage |
| This stage of Lyme disease the electrical conduction of the heart is effected, paralisis in the face may occur along with emotional instability and impaired concentration | 2nd Stage |
| The stage of lyme disease where arthritis settles into joints and chronic nerveous system impairment begins. | 3rd Stage |
| Lyme disease is treated with... | Amoxicillin, erythromycin, doxycycline |
| A zoonotic skin disease commmon in S. Atlantic and S. Central US as well as Canada & Mexico. Vectors are mainly ticks. | Rocky Mountain Fever |
Created by:
nikki6
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