Save
Upgrade to remove ads
Busy. Please wait.
Log in with Clever
or
show password
Forgot Password?
Don't have an account?  Sign up 
Sign up using Clever
or
Username is available taken
show password


Make sure to remember your password. If you forget it there is no way for StudyStack to send you a reset link. You would need to create a new account. Your email address is only used to allow you to reset your password. See our Privacy Policy and Terms of Service.

Already a StudyStack user? Log In

Reset Password
Enter the associated with your account, and we'll email you a link to reset your password.
focusNode
Didn't know it?
click below
 
Knew it?
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
0:00
edit
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.

  Normal Size     Small Size show me how

The Cell Cycle

QuestionAnswer
Name the four to five cyclin-cdk complexes 1. mid G1 2. late G1 3/4. early and late S phase 5. mitotic
How to cyclin-cdk complexes work? They phosphorylate key substrates
name the two ubiquitination complexes 1. SCF: works in Cdc34 pathway to regulate entry of cells into S 2. APC/C: regulates entry into anaphase and telophase
What do ubiquitination complexes typically do? They target certain proteins for degradation
Cyclin CDK activation:1 What initial complex binds? Inactive ATP bound CDK and cyclin
Cyclin CDK activation:2 What structural changes occur with binding? T-loop from cdk crosses into the cyclin
Cyclin CDK activation:3 What last reaction occurs? Cdk-activating kinase (CAK) phosphorylates t-loop. Now it is fully active
Name two ways in which the cdk can be inactivated. Name the main proponent of inactivation 1. Wee1 Kinase phosphorylates 2. p27(CKI) binds to entire complex, blocking active site
How can the effects of Wee1 be reversed? Cdc25 phosphatase
How can Cdc25 become activated? It gets phosphorylated by an active Mitotic(M)-Cdk
How is the activity of p27 reversed (generally CKI)? It gets phosphorylated by a C-cdk kinase, then ubiquitinized by SCF complex
Why would E2F be inactive? It is bounnd to an active Rb
How is E2F activated? Cyclin-Cdk4 phosphorylates Rb
When can Cyclin-Cdk4 be active to phosphorylate Rb? When it is not bound to p16
What is the main function of S-Cdk? They activate the formation of preinitiation complex and initiation
What is the role of M-Cdk with respect to DNA replication? It activates the segregation the two newly created strands of chromosomes
What are the two main steps of DNA replication? 1. Formation of prereplicative complex 2. The firing of the origin
What is significant about the proteins in the prereplicative complex? They are all unphosphorylated in G1
What is significant about the firing of the origin? Various components (incl. MCM cdc6,cdt1...) are degraded or inactivated
When can prereplicative complexes form? Late G1
When does the firing of the origin occur? Beginning of S phase
What does prophase-MCdk do? It stimulates the coiling of chromosomes by condensin, therfore creating condensed chromosomes.
Name another function of prophase-MCdk after condensing chromosomes It phosphorylates the microtubule associated proteins that stimulate the formation of the mitotic spindle apparatus
Name one last function of prophase-MCdk after spindle is phosphorylated The centriole proteins and other kinases are phosphorylated.
On what is centriole replication dependent? It is dependent on G1/S cyclin cdks and the separation of daughter chromosomes by mitotic cyclin cdks
In what phase does separation occur? Prophase
What is the main function of prometaphase-MCdk? Phosphorylates several nuclear envelope proteins for the breakdown of nuclear pore complexes
How is the nuclear envelope broken down? prometaphase-Mcdk phosphorylates lamins
How is the nuclear envelope formed? Specific phosphatases induce the reformation of nuclear lamina in telophase
What ring structure holds chromatid together? Smc1 and Smc3
How is the Smc1 and Smc3 ring held together? Metaphase-cohesin
How is APC/C activated? Bound to Cdc20
What is separase like in its inactive state? It is bound to securin
How is separase activated? Active APC/C ubiqutinates the securin attached to separase
What is the role of an active separase? It cleaves cohesion complexes that hold sister chromatids together, therefore allowing them to move to opposite poles
What happens to mitotic cyclins in anaphase B and telophase Active APC/C complexes ubiquitinate the cyclin portion, which leads to the degradations of the m-cyclin in proteasome
In order to degrade mitotic cyclins, APC/C needs to associate with _____ cdh1
In anaphase B, the m-cdk are inactivated. What happens next? phosphatases reverse reactions carried out by m-cdk, allowing cells to go through anaphase and telophase
What are the locations of the three checkpoints? 1. G2/M - enter mitosis 2. Metaphase/Anaphase - trigger anaphase and proceed to cytokinesis 3. End of G1 - enter cell cycle and S phase
Created by: neeck
Popular Biology sets

 

 



Voices

Use these flashcards to help memorize information. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Then click the card to flip it. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. Otherwise, click the red Don't know box.

When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again.

If you've accidentally put the card in the wrong box, just click on the card to take it out of the box.

You can also use your keyboard to move the cards as follows:

If you are logged in to your account, this website will remember which cards you know and don't know so that they are in the same box the next time you log in.

When you need a break, try one of the other activities listed below the flashcards like Matching, Snowman, or Hungry Bug. Although it may feel like you're playing a game, your brain is still making more connections with the information to help you out.

To see how well you know the information, try the Quiz or Test activity.

Pass complete!
"Know" box contains:
Time elapsed:
Retries:
restart all cards